[373], In 2004, John PaulII recalled Bernard Francis Law to be Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome. John Paul II argued that the proper way to prevent the spread of AIDS was not condoms but rather "correct practice of sexuality, which presupposes chastity and fidelity". [231][232] On the morning of the concert, the pope received the attending members of survivor community in a special audience in the Apostolic Palace. The impression left by these events is so strong that even many years later we can remember perfectly where we were and what we were doing when the news of what happened reached us. [271] Mining mostly East German and Polish secret police archives, Koehler claimed the assassination attempts were "KGB-backed". He was in the Philippines and Marcos was out. The Polish Episcopal Conference stated that "'further archival research' would be needed to arrive at a just evaluation of the decisions and actions" of Wojtya. The Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, conducted the ceremony. Some believed that this was the mob's vendetta against the pope for his denunciations of organised crime.[169]. Stanisaw Dziwisz later said that John Paul II had been injured during the attempt but managed to hide a non-life-threatening wound. [149], John Paul II pushed for a reference to Europe's Christian cultural roots in the draft of the European Constitution. After receiving the award, John PaulII said, "May the desire for freedom, peace, a more humane world symbolised by this medal inspire men and women of goodwill in every time and place. The nickname gained popularity among his followers. He spent two weeks there recovering from a severe concussion and a shoulder injury. BOOK PICK: The Devil and Bella Dodd tells the conversion story of a woman who tried to infiltrate the Church. [372] It was reported that these restrictions were lifted, though Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi strenuously denied this saying "his rehabilitation was without foundation". In his book-length interview Crossing the Threshold of Hope with the Italian journalist Vittorio Messori published in 1995, John Paul II draws parallels between animism and Christianity. [289][290][291] His death was verified when an electrocardiogram that ran for 20 minutes showed a flatline. [256] The assassin used a Browning 9mm semi-automatic pistol,[257] shooting the pope in the abdomen and perforating his colon and small intestine multiple times. Cardinal Dziwisz acknowledged that it is indeed true that in the Fatima vision the bishop dressed in white is killed. [136] While he was visiting the United States in 1977, the year before becoming pope, Wojtya said: "All human life, from the moments of conception and through all subsequent stages, is sacred. In response to the claims, Pope Francis stated: "You have to put things in the context of the era[] At that time everything was covered up. "[119] He also kissed the Qur'an while in Syria, an act that made him popular among Muslims but disturbed many Catholics. [267][268][269] The ex-priest was treated for mental illness and then expelled from Portugal to become a solicitor in Belgium. On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was moving through St Peter's Square in the Popemobile. In 1983, John Paul II visited Guatemala and unsuccessfully asked the country's president, Efran Ros Montt, to reduce the sentence for six left-wing guerrillas sentenced to death. [407][409][410][411][412] The pope continued with his address after Paisley had been ejected. She had materialized on the scene in Portugal exactly 64 years earlier, and she had mystically entered the scene again this May 13, 1981. Pope John Paul II met with his would-be assassin, Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca, in Agcas prison cell in Rome. [284] He left the hospital on 10 February, but was subsequently hospitalised again with breathing problems two weeks later and underwent a tracheotomy. It replaced the previous special law, Regimini Ecclesi univers, which was promulgated by Paul VI in 1967.[186]. Perhaps most surprisingly, the papers show that, as late as 1984, the pope did not believe the Communist Polish government could be changed. [338][339] The second vote and the second signed decree certifying the authenticity of the first miracle, the curing of Sister Marie Simon-Pierre, a French nun, from Parkinson's disease. Upon the death of John Paul II, a number of clergy at the Vatican and laymen[105][278][301] began referring to the late pontiff as "John Paul the Great" in theory only the fourth pope to be so acclaimed. [419], After the 2020 report about the handling of the sexual misconduct complaints against Theodore McCarrick, some called for John Paul II's sainthood to be revoked. Eternal Word Television Network. On the way to the hospital, he lost consciousness. Newsweek (19 November 1979): 144,147. "[143] In September 1988, John Paul II made a pilgrimage to ten Southern African countries, including those bordering South Africa, while demonstratively avoiding South Africa. On 4 July 1958,[68] while Wojtya was on a kayaking holiday in the lakes region of northern Poland, Pope Pius XII appointed him as an auxiliary bishop of Krakw. Czego nie powiedziano w dokumencie - Wiadomoci - polskieradio24.pl", "His Holiness John Paul II: Short Biography", "Karol Wojtya (Pope John Paul II) Timeline", The Guardian, "History of the Pope's health problems", 1 April 2005, "Family Genealogy of Blessed Pope John Paul II", "The Death of Pope John Paul II: 'He Saved My Lifewith Tea & Bread', "John Paul II met with Edith Zierer: The Polish Seminary Student and the Jewish Girl He Saved", "Jan Pawe II Sprawiedliwym wrd Narodw wiata? [120][121] He said: "It was beyond history, beyond memory. Europe needs Poland. It was the exact date that the Lady had first appeared to Lcia dos Santos and Jacinta and Francisco Marto in Fatima, Portugal, 64 years earlier. [258] When he briefly regained consciousness before being operated on, he instructed the doctors not to remove his Brown Scapular during the operation. The crime would still wait another couple of hours. [122], In June 1979, John Paul II travelled to Poland, where ecstatic crowds constantly surrounded him. One expert called such policies a "case of overkill" since they do not permit flexibility to allow for differences among individual cases. In 1954, he earned a Doctorate in Sacred Theology,[77] writing a dissertation titled "Reevaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler"[78] (Polish: Ocena moliwoci zbudowania etyki chrzecijaskiej przy zaoeniach systemu Maksa Schelera). [105][109][123][126][127], As an extension of his successful work with youth as a young priest, John Paul II pioneered the international World Youth Days. [37][38] He was the youngest of three children born to Karol Wojtya (18791941), an ethnic Pole, and Emilia Kaczorowska (18841929), who was of distant Lithuanian heritage. These issues included demanding a return to the Tridentine Mass,[392] as well as the repudiation of reforms instituted after the Second Vatican Council, such as the use of the vernacular language in the formerly Latin Roman Rite Mass, ecumenism, and the principle of religious liberty. [286] Later that day, Vatican sources announced that John Paul II had been given the Anointing of the Sick by his friend and secretary Stanisaw Dziwisz. [160][161], In 1984 and 1986, through Cardinal Ratzinger (future Pope Benedict XVI) as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, John Paul II officially condemned aspects of Liberation theology, which had many followers in Latin America. "[369], The pope read a statement intended for the American cardinals, calling the sex abuse "an appalling sin" and said the priesthood had no room for such men.[370]. The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, actor Richard Dreyfuss and cellist Lynn Harrell performed on this occasion under Levine's direction. Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II (p. 151). [163][164], In his travel to Managua, Nicaragua in 1983, John Paul II harshly condemned what he dubbed the "popular Church",[162] referencing the ecclesial base communities supported by the CELAM, and the Nicaraguan clergy's tendencies to support the leftist Sandinistas, reminding the clergy of their duties of obedience to the Holy See. [248][249][250][251], John PaulII oversaw the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which makes a special provision for Muslims; therein, it is written, "together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day. During the African Synod, we, the pastors of the church, felt the duty to express our consternation and to launch an appeal for forgiveness and reconciliation. Andrew M. Essig, and Jennifer L. Moore. According to an article on the Catholic News Service (CNS) dated 23 April 2013, a Vatican commission of doctors concluded that a healing had no natural (medical) explanation, which is the first requirement for a claimed miracle to be officially documented. Calvi's clothing was stuffed with bricks, and contained cash valued at US$14,000, in three different currencies. Celik fled the scene in panic, failing to ignite his panic bomb. [347] In the same month, a relic containing his blood was stolen from the Spoleto Cathedral in Italy.[348]. HarperCollins. POPE JOHN PAUL II. May 13, 1981, is undoubtedly one of these dates. People were stunned. The opposition praised John Paul II for denouncing Pinochet as a dictator, for many members of Chile's opposition were persecuted for much milder statements. [50] His father, a former Austro-Hungarian non-commissioned officer and later officer in the Polish Army, died of a heart attack in 1941,[51] leaving Wojtya as the immediate family's only surviving member. Weigel, George. [43] During his childhood, Wojtya had contact with the large Jewish community of Wadowice. Despite difficulty speaking more than a few sentences at a time, trouble hearing, and severe osteoarthrosis, he continued to tour the world although rarely walking in public. In Warsaw, in 1979, he simply said: 'Do not be afraid', and later prayed: 'Let your Spirit descend and change the image of the land this land'. [388] Of the nearly 200 cardinals in the Catholic Church, only two are known to be members of Opus Dei. [374] Law resigned from this position in November 2011. His message, "things must change in Haiti," referring to the disparity between the wealthy and the poor, was met with thunderous applause. A few more minutes, some [traffic] obstruction along the way, recalled Cardinal Dziwisz, and it would have been fatal.. [272], John Paul II apologised to many groups that had suffered at the hands of the Catholic Church through the years. Subscriber Service CenterAlready a subscriber? [216] John PaulII said that an end to the Great Schism was one of his fondest wishes. Our Lady of Sorrows, pray for us! "[152], The Polish pope compared Poland's entry into the EU to the Union of Lublin, which was signed in 1569 and united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one nation and created an elective monarchy. [292] [204][205], In 1984, the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration saw opened diplomatic relations with the Vatican for the first time since 1870. [256][263] However, his secretary, Cardinal Stanisaw Dziwisz, alleged in his book A Life with Karol, that the pope was convinced privately that the former Soviet Union was behind the attack. In 1994, John Paul II asserted the church's lack of authority to ordain women to the priesthood, stating that without such authority ordination is not legitimately compatible with fidelity to Christ. The two Church leaders signed a declaration remembering the victims of the Armenian genocide. My Mother. . "[252], In 1995, John Paul II held a meeting with 21 Jains, organised by the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. print and digital media outlets, dedicated to reporting the truth in light of the Gospel and the [376], On 10 November 2020, the Vatican published a report which found that John Paul II learned of allegations of sexual impropriety against former cardinal Theodore McCarrick, who at the time was serving as Archbishop of Newark, through a 1999 letter from Cardinal John O'Connor warning him that appointing McCarrick to be Archbishop of Washington D.C., a position which had recently been opened, would be a mistake. It is always a defeat for humanity. [96] According to the BBC the library had initially kept the letters from public view, partly because of John Paul's path to sainthood, but a library official announced in February 2016 the letters would be made public. John Paul II visited the Vicariate of Solidarity's offices, spoke with its workers, and "called upon them to continue their work, emphasizing that the Gospel consistently urges respect for human rights". Mary. Levi, Mons. [68] Like his predecessor, John PaulII dispensed with the traditional papal coronation and instead received ecclesiastical investiture with a simplified papal inauguration on 22 October 1978. In 1996, he brought the Catholic Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church closer by agreeing with Armenian Archbishop Karekin II on Christ's nature. The Requiem Mass held on 8 April 2005 was said to have set world records both for attendance and number of heads of state present at a funeral. [415] In 1998, when a certain German gathered various statements that were supposedly made by the pope and Cardinal Ratzinger, and then forwarded them to the Vatican in the form of a memorandum, Ratzinger responded in writing on 22 July 1998: "The only thing I can say regarding statements on Meugorje ascribed to the Holy Father and myself is that they are [frei erfunden] complete invention". [350][351][353], On 4 July 2013, Pope Francis confirmed his approval of John Paul II's canonisation, formally recognising the second miracle attributed to his intercession. Among those cardinals who rallied behind Wojtya were supporters of Giuseppe Siri, Stefan Wyszyski, most of the American cardinals (led by John Krol), and other moderate cardinals. The pope was standing in a Jeep greeting a crowd of around 10,000 people when would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Aca shot him at close range using a 9mm Browning Other encyclicals include The Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae) and Ut Unum Sint (That They May Be One). This is the only way to dissipate the threats of ethnocentrism that are hovering over Africa these days and that have so brutally touched Rwanda and Burundi. monetization of National Catholic Register RSS feeds is strictly prohibited. [304][305] The South African Catholic newspaper The Southern Cross has referred to him in print as "John Paul II the Great". [47][82] In 1960, Wojtya published the influential theological book Love and Responsibility, a defence of traditional church teachings on marriage from a new philosophical standpoint. "[174], While taking a traditional position on human sexuality, maintaining the Catholic Church's moral opposition to homosexual acts, John PaulII asserted that people with homosexual inclinations possess the same inherent dignity and rights as others. Mary, my mother; Mary, my mother. Bodyguards hold Pope John Paul II after he was shot May 13, 1981, in St. Peters Square by Turkish gunman Mehmet Ali Agca. On leaving St. Peter's Basilica, the boy told them, "I want to walk," and began walking normally. [105] John Paul II was rushed into the Vatican complex and then to the Gemelli Hospital. The Jain leaders were impressed with the pope's "transparency and simplicity", and the meeting received much attention in the Gujarat state in western India, home to many Jains.[253]. Catholic Church. [80] In 1961, he coined "Thomistic Personalism" to describe Aquinas's philosophy. [71] Among other courses at the Angelicum, Wojtya studied Hebrew with the Dutch Dominican Peter G. Duncker, author of the Compendium grammaticae linguae hebraicae biblicae. [162], Visiting Europe, Salvadoran Archbishop scar Romero unsuccessfully advocated for the Vatican to condemn the right-wing military regime of El Salvador, for violations of human rights during the Salvadoran Civil War and the support of death squads. "[168], In 1995, the Mafia bombed two historical churches in Rome. The driver was a Bulgarian named Zelio Vasilev. Through his encyclicals and many Apostolic Letters and Exhortations, John Paul II talked about the dignity and the equality of women. [68] At the age of 38, Wojtya became the youngest bishop in Poland. While recovering at the hospital, John Paul realized that the date of the attack was not accidental. Associated Press, "Opus Dei backs new pope", CNN, 19 April 2005. [114] He was the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom, in 1982, where he met Queen ElizabethII, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. [69] Wojtya earned a licence in July 1947, passed his doctoral exam on 14 June 1948, and successfully defended his doctoral thesis titled Doctrina de fide apud S. Ioannem a Cruce (The Doctrine of Faith in St. John of the Cross) in philosophy on 19 June 1948. The Church cannot be isolated inside its temples just as men's consciences cannot be isolated from God. [204] At the centre of the bank's failure was its chairman, Roberto Calvi, and his membership in the illegal Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due (aka P2). If the pope's visit inspired a riot, the Communist leaders of Poland were prepared to crush the uprising and blame the suffering on the pope. He was consequently summoned to Warsaw to meet the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyski, who informed him of his appointment. https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/may-13-connects-fatima-apparitions-john-paul-ii-shooting, The Saint and the Lady Who Saved Him: John Paul II and Fatima, The Influence of Fulton Sheen: Converting a Communist, Christmas 1981 Heralded the Collapse of Communism in Poland, Mother Mary: Our Life, Our Sweetness and Our Hope, Hundreds of Faithful Gather in Prayer for Pope Francis at Budapests Oldest Parish Church, Pope Francis Says He Did Not Lose Consciousness Before Hospitalization in March, Pope Francis Warns of Technological Domination, Threat to Human Ecology at University in Hungary, Carlos Writings From My Son Carlo: Carlo Acutis Through the Eyes of His Mother, 4th Sunday of Easter: Good Shepherd Sunday, St. Catherine of Sienas Fire Was Stoked in Conversation With God, Ezekiel and the Common Priesthood of All the Faithful, A Lutheran Plea to End the Attack on Roman Catholic Churches, My Son Carlo: Meet the Real Blessed Carlo Acutis in New Book Written by His Mother, Leading Lady: Crushed by the Woman Explains Marys Role, The Good Shepherd Calls Us to Open Our Hearts to Love, Pope Francis Says at Mass in Hungary, Speak the Language of Charity, Pope Francis Encourages in Hungary, FULL TEXT: Fearlessly Face the Adventure of Life Like Jesus Did, Pope Francis Urges Youth. He underwent five hours of surgery to treat his wounds. [384] Critics have said that large families are caused by lack of contraception and exacerbate Third World poverty and problems, such as street children in South America. Douglas Bond, Christopher Kruegler, Roger S. Powers, and William B. Vogele. With that, at 10am, the Bulgarians drove off, leaving the Turks to do their dirty work. It was the first-ever Vatican event dedicated to the memory of the six million Jews murdered in World War II. John Paul II was barely conscious when he got to the hospital. 15. John Paul II was widely criticised for a variety of his views. Five months later, after the attack, the Holy Father reconvened with the faithful in St. Peters Square, where he acknowledged his debt to the Blessed Mother: Could I forget that the event [shooting] in St. Peters Square took place at the date and at the hour when the first appearance of the Mother of Christ to the poor little peasants has been remembered for over 60 years at Fatima in Portugal?, For, in everything that happened to me on that very day, said the Pope, I felt that extraordinary motherly protection and care, which turned out to be stronger than the deadly bullet.. John Paul II was badly hurt. John Paul II wrote extensively about workers and the social doctrine of the church, which he discussed in three encyclicals: Laborem exercens, Sollicitudo rei socialis, and Centesimus annus. The Crown Publishing Group. [416] Similar claims were also rebuked by the Vatican's Secretariate of State. [139] He campaigned for world debt forgiveness and social justice. [75] He repeated this gesture, which he adopted from Jean Marie Baptiste Vianney,[75] throughout his papacy. [100] Wojtya won on the eighth ballot on the third day (16 October). [109][255][260] He said: "Could I forget that the event in St. Peter's Square took place on the day and at the hour when the first appearance of the Mother of Christ to the poor little peasants has been remembered for over sixty years at Ftima, Portugal? At that time, Guatemala was one of only two countries in Latin America (the other being Cuba) to apply capital punishment. Did Pope John Paul II Have a Secret Lover? [298] In a historical rarity, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox leaders, as well as representatives and heads from Judaism, Islam, Druze[300] and Buddhism, offered their own memorials and prayers as a way of sympathising with the grief of Catholics. Although Stroessner tried to prevent him from doing so, John Paul II met opposition leaders in the one-party state. [20] Born in Poland, John PaulII was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century and the second longest-serving pope after Pius IX in modern history. Two days after Christmas in 1983, John Paul II visited Aca in prison. In April 2002, John Paul II, despite being frail from Parkinson's disease, summoned all the American cardinals to the Vatican to discuss possible solutions to the issue of sexual abuse in the American Church. Its a day that entered our collective memory when love and prayer defeated hatred. [111] In March 2000, while visiting Jerusalem, John Paul became the first pope in history to visit and pray at the Western Wall. There are dates that remind us not only of things we read of in history books, but also of the history we have lived. The pope's desire for a reference to Europe's Christian identity in the EU Constitution was supported by non-Catholic representatives of the Church of England and Eastern Orthodox Churches from Russia, Romania, and Greece. [340] 1 May is commemorated in former Communist countries, such as Poland, and some Western European countries as May Day, and John PaulII was well known for his contributions to Communism's relatively peaceful demise. [119], On 15 January 1995, during the X World Youth Day, he offered Mass to an estimated crowd of between five and seven million in Luneta Park,[111] Manila, Philippines, which was considered to be the largest single gathering in Christian history. John Paul II attempted to improve the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. As the Pope edged closer toward a similar fate in the square, the Turkish national lifted his pistol above those between him and the man in the white robe. He said: "What is happening in your countries is a terrible tragedy that must end. John Paul II, who was present and very influential at the 196265 Second Vatican Council, affirmed the teachings of that Council and did much to implement them. [229][230], On 30 December 1993, John PaulII established formal diplomatic relations between the Holy See and the State of Israel, acknowledging its centrality in Jewish life and faith.[229]. [120][121][229] In part of his address he said: "I assure the Jewish people the Catholic Church is deeply saddened by the hatred, acts of persecution and displays of anti-Semitism directed against the Jews by Christians at any time and in any place." When he became pope in 1978 at the age of 58, John Paul II was an avid sportsman. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, a Jewish family sent their son, Stanley Berger, to be hidden by a Gentile Polish family. "[120], In October 2003, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) issued a statement congratulating John Paul II on entering the 25th year of his papacy. Ian Paisley", "Quotes From Pope John Paul II On Meugorje", "Dissident theologians participate in the canonization process of Pope John Paul II", "A Statement of Reservations Concerning the Impending Beatification of Pope John Paul II", "Cracovia is about the people John Paul II", "Letters From Pope John Paul II Show Deep Friendship With Woman", Pope John Paul II letters reveal 32-year relationship with woman. Mary, Cause of Our Joy, pray for us! On John Paul II's beatification the Chief Rabbi of Rome Riccardo Di Segni said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano that "John Paul II was revolutionary because he tore down a thousand-year wall of Catholic distrust of the Jewish world." [403][404][405][406], In 1988, when John Paul II was delivering a speech to the European Parliament, Ian Paisley, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, shouted "I denounce you as the Antichrist! [360], John Paul II was criticised by representatives of the victims of clergy sexual abuse for failing to respond quickly enough to the Catholic sex abuse crisis. [248][249][250][251] The event was conceived and conducted by Sir Gilbert Levine, KCSG and was broadcast throughout the world. Otto von Habsburg (the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary), a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Germany, snatched Paisley's banner, tore it up, and along with other MEPs helped eject him from the chamber. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated many of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. He achieved far more in terms of transforming relations with both the Jewish people and the State of Israel than any other figure in the history of the Catholic Church. "[171], In April 1991, during his Urbi et Orbi Sunday message at St. Peter's Basilica, John Paul II called for the international community to "lend an ear" to "the long-ignored aspirations of oppressed peoples". Forty years ago, on May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II stepped into his vehicle to ride through St. Peters Square and greet an ecstatic crowd. He saw this as not an inconsistency: So? [269], The Al-Qaeda-funded Bojinka plot planned to kill John Paul II during a visit to the Philippines during World Youth Day 1995 celebrations. [130] During his visit to the Holy Land, John Paul II visited many sites of the Rosary, including the following locations: Bethany Beyond the Jordan (Al-Maghtas), at the Jordan River, where John the Baptist baptized Jesus; Manger Square and the Church of the Nativity in the town of Bethlehem, the location of Jesus' birth; and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the site of Jesus' burial and resurrection. [371] John Paul II accepted his resignation, and placed sanctions on him, prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop. He wrote: " it would be helpful to recall the animist religions which stress ancestor worship. [147] John Paul II's other attempts to reduce the sentence of death-row inmates were unsuccessful. [181] John Paul II described the new code as "the last document of Vatican II". [217][218] In Athens, the pope met with Archbishop Christodoulos, the head of the Church of Greece. [221] In September 2001, John Paul II went on a three-day pilgrimage to Armenia to take part in an ecumenical celebration with Karekin II in the newly consecrated St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in Yerevan. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. In The Splendour of the Truth (Veritatis Splendor), he emphasised the dependence of man on God and His Law ("Without the Creator, the creature disappears") and the "dependence of freedom on the truth". [68][92][93], According to a contemporary witness, Wojtya was against the distribution of a letter around Krakw in 1970, stating that the Polish Episcopate was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the PolishSoviet War. Reflecting on the two dates May 13, 1981, and May 13, 1917 he thought to himself: Two thirteenths of May!, He started reflecting on what was, to say the least, an extraordinary coincidence, said Father Dziwisz.
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