The effect of developing the texture of the piece is to build the feel of the song in a very dramatic way: I hope that this lesson on musical texture has helped you understand the topic more and also that it helps you in your composing. After 30 seconds, 3 vocalists are singing together in a homophonic and homorhythmic texture. :33, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. Musical texture refers to how melody and harmony relate to each other. (as in the excerpt above). The main melody is sung by the soprano part, whilst the oboe plays and elaborated variation at the same time. In this form, whilst the accompanying parts do not follow the same rhythms as the lead melody line, their overall purpose is to provide an underlying harmony and accompaniment to the melody. Listen to the following excerpt of a Medieval composition. :21. Due to the increased use of homophony in the baroque period chords became much more significant than they were in the past. The texture of this excerpt is: :32 Polyphonic Which group was credited with inventing the recitative? The ____________ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune. Which of the following choices is the defining characteristic of polyphony? :47. Which of the following types of texture does it represent? (00:11), True (The piece slows down towards the end of the example. In contrast to the Renaissance, where vocal and choral music took center stage, instrumental music established itself as the most significant genre of the Baroque period. Subject is presented in shorter time values. Early baroque music is characterized by frequent use of polyphonic texture. Have a look at this example of a sports crowd singing the US National Anthem in unison at the Ryder Cup: The crowd are all singing in unison with no accompaniment and so it is a monophonic texture. When a melody acquires significant importance within a given composition, it is called a: The direction of the following melody can be best described as: (00:05), Does the following excerpt feature more disjunct, conjunct, or repeated tones? Wide dynamic range and repetition in the melody to express deep feelings. CC BY-SA 1.0. Share this post: on Twitter on Facebook on Google+, Ben Dunnett LRSM is the founder of Music Theory Academy. Bach (whom you read about in the earlier chapter 5.2). The opening scene of this section is a recitative, a solo vocal passage in which the music follows the inflections of the text. The harmony is used through the piece to enhance the knowledge and understanding the melody with the use of color. He used lyric melodies to show the Romantic styles, but within the framework of Classical forms. The picture to the left is the oldest-discovered hydraulis from the 1st century B.C., and is housed in the Archeological Museum of Dion, Greece. When we think of keyboard instruments, we often think that they're much more modern than they really are. (00:25), Which of the following composers wrote this symphony? Not all fugues are written for the organ, but Bach did write dozens of them for a solo organist. How are EXPRESSIVE TECHNIQUES and DURATION used in this excerpt? This . One of the most dramatic turning points in the history of music occurred at the beginning of the 17th century, with Italy leading the way. The term harmony refers to the horizontal aspect of music. Let us have a look at your work and suggest how to improve it! Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music? Who composed La favola d'Orfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance A Baroque sonata is. Underline the infinitive phrase in each sentence, and identify the phrases function by writing above it S for subject, PN for predicate nominative, DO for direct object, ADJ for adjective, or ADV* for adverb. According to Monteverdi, what is the difference between prima practica and seconda practica? Which of the following is the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body? You can see this clearly from the sheet music: However, if the singing is accompanied by an instrument, a band or an orchestra (as it usually is when a national anthem is being sung at the start of a sports match), or if some singers start to harmonise the melody then the texture becomes more complicated. Notes that dont belong to the traditional scale are known as ______________ alterations. I hope it helps summarise the topic for you: You do not have to choose one texture to use for the whole of a piece of music you are writing. Tempo is an Italian universal musical term that refers to the speed at which a music composition is played. The Renaissance may be described as an age in which: Individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish once again. The following excerpt represents homophonic texture. The sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are: Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation, We can say that the harmony in the following example is typical of the Classical period because it features: (00:26), chord accompaniment and clear, strong cadences, Beethoven is sometimes referred to as "The Father of the Symphony. Which of the following examples represents secular music? I have added the shaded lines to show clearly where the different parts enter. Who composed La favola d'Orfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? This sound is very similar to some of the "flute" sounds heard on modern-day organs often heard in church music. As musical instruments developed technically, the level of virtuosity rose in the Baroque. A baroque musical composition usually expresses ___________ within the same movement. homophonic ensembles and two-voiced duets, shifts between duple and triple meter, consonance with some dissonance in solo passages. courante, allemande, sarabande, and gavotte. based on a Baroque tune: melody (Based on Baroque composer Henry Purcell) Baroque Music Period Flashcards | Quizlet For smaller instruments, the performer would pump with their feet or knees to create a vacuum to collect air, and push it through the pipes as they played (you can see a short video of a performer doing there here). The hydraulis is the oldest-known keyboard instrument in recorded human history from around the 3rd century B.C., and is pre-cursor to the modern-day organ. Which of the following describes this example? Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? Outline the STRUCTURE of the excerpt. When you're done, watch this video presentation for the Organ, and you'll see just how complicated this instrument really is. But organs -- a type of keyboard instrument --- have been around for over 2 millennia. "Ahi" ("alas," "oh," or "oi"), is repeated antiphonally, in sudden contrast to previous material, a dramatic gesture like pressing one's hand on the chest or forehead. :25, Which of the following excerpts exhibits Baroque rhythmic characteristics? The musical texture that consists of a single melody without accompaniment is called: Monophony. They may well be singing at different octaves (a little girl in the crowd is going to be singing at a much higher octave than an older man), but it is still a monophonic texture as they are singing in unison. These keyboards are called manuals and it allows for performers to play loud and soft. A Fugue is a composition characterized by one main theme, called the subject, and the imitation of that theme by different voices. The following excerpt represents: (00:11), The following excerpt represents melody by itself without harmonic accompaniment. It is no longer monophonic as it now has an accompaniment. An ____________ is an orchestral composition performed before the curtain rises on a dramatic work. By the end of the Baroque, moving into the early Classical period, composers were . The instruments therefore have a "twangy" effect, because you can actually hear the string being plucked (imagine plucking a guitar string with your finger nail, and that's the sound you get. Subject is presented in longer time values. The different elements of music as found in Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra are the following ones: Theme and variations: form (form is actually a theme with many variations), Full orchestra: performing forces (individual or collective intruments), Homophonic throughout: texture (the texture of a unique melody with the accompaniment of some instrument), Ternary (A-B-A): form (form can be described as ternary or binary, wheter it has two or three elements), Homophonic at the beginning and polyphonic at the end: texture, based on a Baroque tune: melody (Based on Baroque composer Henry Purcell), Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Homophonic at the beginning and polyphonic _ (texture), at the end based on a Barque tune _ (melody), This site is using cookies under cookie policy . In fact, one of the most significant types of compositions in the Baroque Era, which is the Fugue, is Polyphonic by definition. Dose this look good anything wrong with it? There are four music textures that you need to understand: Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Heterophonic In this lesson we will look at definitions and explanations for each musical texture in turn. Bach (whom you read about in the earlier chapter 5.2). :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? The elements used through the piece, Fugue in G minor by Bach, has the deeper . According to Monteverdi, what is the difference between prima practica and seconda practica? This music excerpt is an example of: (00:31) Polyphonic texture. Which 8th- and 9th-century ruler had a profound influence on Church music? Baroque music, a style of music that prevailed during the period from about 1600 to about 1750, known for its grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit but also for its stylistic diversity. Lets start with the simplest musical texture to define and describe monophonic. During the episode, the composer takes away the subject (we've heard it too much, and want a rest!) By incorporating Aztec and Christian imagery, By alternating the Nahuatl language and Spanish. The following musical excerpt represents strophic form. From which of the following pairs would you choose the most likely composer of this example? Which of the following is one such alternative? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. In addition to the manuals, organs also have a keyboard for the feet; performers thus perform on up to 7 different manuals with their hands, as well as a single manual with their feet. Which of the following examples represents sacred music? :40. Musical Texture refers to how different layers of a piece of music are combined to produce the overall sound. Musical Texture refers to how different layers of a piece of music are combined to produce the overall sound. Baroque Flashcards | Quizlet Both the clavichord and virginal are similar keyboard instruments. Which of the following excerpts has a fast tempo? All fugues are polyphonic in texture, and employ a compositional technique known as imitation. While we're not sure exactly what instrument it was written for, it's likely that it was some type of organ (we'll see the organ below). :40, Which of these examples is a recitative? The above picture depicts a person playing a hydraulis, which is a water-powered keyboard organ from the Ancient world. There are four music textures that you need to understand: In this lesson we will look at definitions and explanations for each musical texture in turn. Which one of the following examples comes from a famous Beethoven symphony? C. King Henry Vlll began to write songs about lost loves and romantic relationship issues. What were the main social classes of early China? When voice 2 finishes the subject, voice 3 then enters with the subject; when it's done, voice 4 then plays the subject while all the other voices continue to play their own thing. The Florentine Camerata A Baroque oratorio is A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance A Baroque sonata is A piece for solo instrument or a small group of instruments The Baroque concerto is The diagram above demonstrates the entire form of Bach's "Little Fugue." You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. It represented the first viable alternative to tonal music. Which of the following were sacred genres in the Medieval period? :40, The dynamics in this example is best described as: Heterophonic textures can be found in a wide range of music from jazz, folk music to the gamelan from Indonesia. funny ways to say home run grassroots elite basketball Menu . Aural Analysis - music. Concepts :47, Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Gave full expression to a wide range of feelings, dreams, and the heroic human potential. Many composers choose to use different textures within one piece of music/song. Pictured left: harpsichord, by Grard Janot - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. Tempo and rhythm are interchangeable terms. The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in, The earliest opera that has been preserved is Jacopo Peri's. During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called: Who composed La favola dOrfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? :21, What is the name of the technique used in the following excerpt? :28. Summary: Homophony is an important category of musical texture. Which group was credited with inventing the recitative?
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