The Maghrebi component is represented by 15,000-year-old Paleolithic individuals from Taforalt, Morocco, whose ancestry is best modeled as a mix of an early Holocene Middle Eastern (63.5%), that is, Levantine Natufians, and a sub-Saharan component (Van De Loosdrecht et al. 2017), although a recent study inferred a more ancient admixture date of 1.9 kya for Bantu speakers in Cabinda, Angola (Tallman et al. 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populations, gatherer genomes reveal diverse demographic trajectories during the rise of farming in Eastern Africa, Great warm deserts of the world: landscapes and evolution, Origins, admixture dynamics, and homogenization of the African gene pool in the Americas, A draft sequence of the neandertal genome, The African Genome Variation Project shapes medical genetics in Africa, Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic farmers reveals their Near Eastern affinities, Chad genetic diversity reveals an African history marked by multiple Holocene Eurasian migrations, Rapid adaptation to malaria facilitated by admixture in the human population of Cabo Verde przeworski, M, kana, BD, racimo, F, & busby, G, editors, Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa, The later stone age Calvaria from Iwo Eleru, Nigeria: morphology and chronology, gatherer genomic diversity suggests a Southern African origin for modern humans, Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations, Clarifying distinct models of modern human origins in Africa, The mitogenome of a 35,000-year-old homo sapiens from Europe supports a Palaeolithic back-migration to Africa, Phylogeny estimation by integration over isolation with migration models, Prioritizing diversity in human genomics research, Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations, Whole-genome sequence analyses of Western Central African pygmy hunter, gatherers reveal a complex demographic history and identify candidate genes under positive natural selection, Model-based analyses of whole-genome data reveal a complex evolutionary history involving archaic introgression in Central African pygmies, Genetic signatures reveal high-altitude adaptation in a set of Ethiopian populations, Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa, Patterns of ancestry, signatures of natural selection, and genetic association with stature in Western African pygmies, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin dosing: 2017 update, Natural selection and infectious disease in human populations, gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history, Evolutionary history and adaptation from high-coverage whole-genome sequences of diverse African hunter, Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient near east, Addressing underrepresentation in genomics research through community engagement, Genetic variation reveals large-scale population expansion and migration during the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples, Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history, Ancient DNA and deep population structure in sub-Saharan African foragers, Lactase persistence genotypes and malaria susceptibility in Fulani of Mali, The demographic history and mutational load of African hunter, Whole-genome sequence analysis of a Pan African set of samples reveals archaic gene flow from an extinct basal population of modern humans into sub-Saharan populations, Whole-exome analysis in Tunisian Imazighen and Arabs shows the impact of demography in functional variation, Population history of North Africa based on modern and ancient genomes, Tracing pastoralist migrations to Southern Africa with lactase persistence alleles, Low and differential polygenic score generalizability among African populations due largely to genetic diversity, The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations, The demographic response to Holocene climate change in the Sahara, Fast and flexible estimation of effective migration surfaces perry, GH, alves, I, & tansey, W, editors, Cattle before crops: the beginnings of food production in Africa, The critical needs and challenges for genetic architecture studies in Africa, A continuum of admixture in the western hemisphere revealed by the African diaspora genome, Cardiovascular risk factors and their relationship with vascular dysfunction in South African children of African ancestry, A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual, Genetic consequences of the transatlantic slave trade in the Americas, Complex ancient genetic structure and cultural transitions in Southern African populations, The evolutionary history of Southern Africa, Y-chromosome variation in Southern African Khoe-San populations based on whole-genome sequences, Profiling of warfarin pharmacokinetics-associated genetic variants: Black Africans portray unique genetic markers important for an African specific warfarin pharmacogenetics-dosing algorithm, The peopling of Africa: a geographic interpretation, Admixture-enabled selection for rapid adaptive evolution in the Americas, Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel, The genomic impact of European colonization of the Americas, Ethiopian genetic diversity reveals linguistic stratification and complex influences on the Ethiopian gene pool, Tracing the route of modern humans out of Africa by using 225 human genome sequences from Ethiopians and Egyptians, The genomic prehistory of peoples speaking Khoisan languages, The impact of agricultural emergence on the genetic history of African rainforest hunter, Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America, The demographic and adaptive history of Central African hunter, Genetic structure of a unique admixed population: implications for medical research, Divorcing the Late Upper Palaeolithic demographic histories of mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 in Africa, Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel, African genetic diversity and adaptation inform a precision medicine agenda, Genetic variants associated with warfarin dose in AfricanAmerican individuals: a genome-wide association study, Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation, Complex patterns of genomic admixture within Southern Africa, Challenges of accurately estimating sex-biased admixture from X chromosomal and autosomal ancestry proportions, The genetic prehistory of Southern Africa, Possible ancestral structure in human populations, Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa, The historical spread of Arabian pastoralists to the Eastern African Sahel evidenced by the lactase persistence 13,915*G allele and mitochondrial DNA, Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence, Portability of 245 polygenic scores when derived from the UK Biobank and applied to 9 ancestry groups from the same cohort, Adaptive eQTLs reveal the evolutionary impacts of pleiotropy and tissue-specificity while contributing to health and disease, A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa, Genetic origins of lactase persistence and the spread of pastoralism in Africa, An aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Gene flowThe movement of individuals and their genetic material from one population to another population. As expected, the Sahara, Red Sea, central African rainforest, and the Kalahari Desert act as ecological barriers. They also practice a lot of weight lifting. wBSPs in Angola have small amounts of RHG-related ancestry from an admixture event that occurred after the split of BSPs 800 ya (Patin et al. 2018), and African population history is of exceptional interest to human evolution. 2023). First, we give a brief overview of genetic variation in Africa and examine deep population structure within Africa, including the evidence of ancient introgression from archaic ghost populations. (2022), respectively. There is not a lot of fats in the East African diet. 4A). 2018). What determines levels of mitochondrial genetic diversity in birds? #DominanceDisciplineDirection. In contrast, there was a significant Eurasian paternal contribution (71.4%) defined by haplogroups R/I/G/N/O/J in the same group, and the Western European R1b haplogroup was prevalent at 44.4%. 2019). However, in general, ancient genomes reveal deep divergence times of eastern, southern, and central African huntergatherer groups, indicating little historical gene flow (Fan et al. 2019; Bergstrm et al. Xu et al. Henn et al. 3A), with deserts and rainforests acting as major barriers to gene flow (fig. 2022). 2016; Ongaro et al. However, the Tunisian Imazighen were the only Imazighen population in this study and were subsequently found to be an outlier in terms of ancestry composition, low genetic diversity, and high amount of runs of homozygosity (Arauna et al. 2020). In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of how admixturemostly during the last 10,000 yearshas shaped present-day population structure in Africa and how recent genetic studies complement linguistics and archeology in reconstructing the history of African populations. Lastly, this group received another pulse of gene flow from a population related to Nilo-Saharanspeaking Dinka in Sudan 2.2 kya, that is, during the Iron Age (fig. Neolithic (New Stone Age)The period of time when people began using more sophisticated stone tools, leading to the emergence of farming and herding, extending from 12 kya to 6.5 kya in Africa. This displayed an SNP minor allelic effect while correcting for local ancestry for Bantu-speaking African ancestry (Swart et al. Regular strength training will result in considerable improvements in Here, we Population bottleneckAn event that drastically reduces the effective size of a population, leading to increased genetic drift. 2022) as well as mtDNA and Y haplogroups (kov et al. 2014) suggested differentiation between Khoe-San populations living north and south of the Kalahari Desert, an area that was dominated by lake Makgadikgadi during prehistoric times (i.e., > 10 kya) (Goudie 2003).
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