There were also Brothers & Sons Men's Antique Flag Plaque Buckle Nylon Belt. "You have to reach into yourself to complete it, but once we're into this thing, that's when you start looking to your left and right, to your brothers and sisters on either side of you for encouragement. This picture was taken in May 1942 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. War Department Circular 244, 16 September 1921, originally authorized distinctive insignia and trimmings. 1. The Manchu Mile is physically and mentally challenging for soldiers, but it also builds cohesion and esprit de corps, Knight said. Reg., 1SBCT. For the regiment's actions during the rebellion, they earned the honorary title of "Manchus. Some pins are maker marked others are not. Colonel Charles H. Mason, Regimental Commander, in The "miniature buckle" (what we call the DI Pin) was Currently stationed at JBLM and was curious if I could wear it here and if there was a regulation to support it. or; lost it (lost mine in a house fire), found it again, acquired another Men Fashion Belt Buckle Cowboy Western Silver Metal Handgun Pistol Revolver Gun Weapon Army. to the last order, the dying words of the regimental commander, Colonel But all information seems to indicate it was originally made in Korea by local craftsmen for sale to 9th Infantry Regiment Manchus stationed there. $31.10. This buckle was approved on 5 March 1968, retroactive Manchu Buckles and DI's today. Money Minute, What's next for experimental AI projects in the C4ISR sphere, Army identifies 3 soldiers killed in Alaska helicopter crash, Army grounds helicopter fleet for force-wide safety stand down, Army fielding new tactical feedback tool with fitness program features, Former NFLer, Ranger draws comparisons between NFL, military training, Three dead after two Apache helicopters collide in Alaska. (function(){var k='2354831680',d=document,l=d.location,c=d.cookie;function f(n){if(c){var i=c.indexOf(n+'=');if(i>-1){var j=c.indexOf(';',i);return escape(c.substring(i+n.length+1,j<0?c.length:j))}}}var x=f('__utmx'),xx=f('__utmxx'),h=l.hash; Read about Gary's Custom Saddlery LTC William K. Emerson (US Army Ret.) Cole Taylor, assistant operations officer, 4th Bn., 9th Inf. Dress up, dress down, dress to impress - there's a Falconhead boot, belt and buckle for every occasion in your life. When It's easy! Those Manchus who complete this march receive and are authorized to wear the Manchu buckle. http://www.manchu.org/linage/CarlsCollection/. When going to a flea market or yard sale, have cash, carry small bills/change. The Manchu Mile commemorates an 85-mile forced march by Soldiers from the 9th Infantry Regiment during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. 13 July 1900. Dress up, dress down, dress to impress theres During the conflict, the regiment endured a grueling 85-mile march from Taku Bar to Tientsin, China, under the command of Col. Emerson H. Liscum. belonged to his father and the picture of PFC Hadaway are also from these var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; Privacy Policy. The first 9th Infantry officers to purchase these new uniforms bought them in the winter of 1940-41 and immediately ran into a problem. The buckle worn by today's Manchus could be considered an award buckle of sorts. This letter also approved a miniature distinctive insignia, not to exceed 1 1/2 inches high. Unique for as many of you know the buckle was officially authorized by the War Department issuing General Order Number 5 on 25 June 1926. Tony Lama Men's Westerly Ride Belt. 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; concept. I have been asked, "What to pay for a pin or buckle?" All non-regulation and barely tolerated as you say. The Manchus still have the only officially authorized buckle. The ones I have only have some of the gold present on the backside of the buckles. approved by, the War Department, before it would be authorized for issue to Buckle Sets, Trophy var _gaq = _gaq || []; The Manchu Mile, undertaken semiannually, honors the 9th Inf. Club I am not an expert on the Buckles and Distinctive Unit Insignia pins of the 9th Infantry Manchu Regiment nor do I consider myself A True Collector. 99. In recognition of the unit's outstanding achievement between "D" Day and "V-E" Day, the port was granted the privilege of marching through the streets of the town and county of Southampton with bayonets fixed, drums beating, and colors flying. These buckles could no longer be used as the new uniform belts were wider. ), for supplying much of the information I used with his permission. "It's bragging rights," Knight said. So far I have mentioned the buckles and insignia that were authorized It was amended on 14 Sept 1989 to revise the description and _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); . Most of these are a standard brass buckle with a DI attached to the front. numerous Indian campaigns in which the regiment participated, and the sun Thus all insignia for a particular unit should (in theory) be the same no matter who made it. the reason why so many boot, belt and buckle collectors Collectors" ( October-December 1998.) Collector & Historian, Journal of the Military Historians" Vol. For individuals:RibbonRegimental RingRegimental Insignia (Belt Buckle)Other Appropriate PrizesBY ORDER OF COLONEL MASONJ. E. BRANNANCaptain, 9th InfantryAdjutant, OFFICIALJ. E. BRANNANCaptain, InfantryAdjutant. No official statement was published on the authorization of the award until this buckle was mentioned in a booklet published 23 February 1935. I needed some answers. The following information was obtained from Carl E. Sorenson's(4/9 HHC and Echo Co. 2-68 2-69) articles which can befound here http://www.manchu.org/linage/buckle/ and here http://www.manchu.org/linage/CarlsCollection/ . Over 500 Coalition members from 6 countries participated in the Manchu Mile, carrying a 35 lb. But all John Gilbertson, CO. D, 69-70) of the 604 ASOS, USAF, for the information on the shoulder loops of the enlisted members coat. Also joining them will be about 30 veterans of the Korean Augmentation to the United States Army, or KATUSA, program. UPC . has been established on the timeless values of exceptional Local commanders awarded similar buckles to a Manchu for special achievements, etc. The design of the 'miniature buckle' or DI worn on the uniform and hats has basically remained the same over the years. to 15 April 1966. "The belt buckle, the . Scan this QR code to download the app now. LEAVE A COMMENT VIDEO INFO Video Analytics PUBLIC DOMAIN This work, Manchu Mile, by. MASOP VOGU. Policy was established on 3 March 1923, that regimental insignia would be supplementary to the uniform and would not be substituted for any uniform item. Cookie Notice This amendment stated that the There were also some small buckles given out as awards for various competitions or gifts to parting members of the 9th Regiment. 1925. THE MANCHU BELT BUCKLE . Two more years of correspondence followed and on 22 December 1925, a Second completion the soldier receives a Certificate of Achievement. I was the Regimental FSO in '90 - '91 at Fort Ord. Examples of Manchu Buckles (Opens New Window) 1970 VFW Magazine Article Sent in by: Johnny Guidry (Frenchy) The Manchu Mile is held about Regimental badges: The 10th Infantry, 10th Cavalry, and the 13th Armor have regimental badges rather than coats of arms as authorized other Regular Army regiments. It consists of one green and two red stripes with the green in the For many Soldiers, this was their first Manchu Mile and their first opportunity to earn the regiment's distinctive Manchu belt buckle, which is authorized for wear in uniform. On most beercan DIs the insignia is painted on the metal. It is the same for the 3rd Infantry's "Cockade" metal DUI, the 2nd Infantry's more conventional DUI and the all metal and enamaled DUI-- these were adopted and approved later than the originial devices. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. To earn this _gaq.push(['_setAllowHash', false]); The buckles represent a small part of the history of the 9th Infantry Regiment, but these buckles have their own unique history. Check out our manchu belt buckle selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Ask any Manchu who has one and he will tell you it is one of his most prized possessions. Also supply and demand, and required and the other is a flat design. For more information, please see our This picture was taken as a possible But, that didn't stop the Manchus. The 4th Infantry: Knowing we can complete a difficult road march like this will give us confidence in our physical and mental fortitude.". Many units of the Army have a buckle with their unit insignia on it, but The Manchus are the only unit authorized to wear theirs while in uniform, but it must be the authorized current issue buckle of the time. letter also approved a miniature distinctive insignia, not to exceed 1 1/2 The "9" and the high relief of the buckle were to be polished, the low relief to be oxidized or to be of other contrasting finish. Replacing the letters "US," the crossed rifles, or other existing insignia, Heirloom quality custom sterling silver western buckles and leather products related to the western and horse industry. "I didn't realize how steep they would be.". "I'm only a PV2 and now I'm also going to be part of the last one in Korea.". 2002-2018 Falconhead - Boots * Belts * Buckles. Now that would have been one great poster. The 9th Inf. "You'll be surprised how strong the desire is to complete [the march], from every soldier in the battalion, to earn that belt buckle so they can wear it with pride for the rest of their military service and be part of that legacy.". Privacy Policy. For E1-E6 the belt is either a 1 3/4 inch wide black woven, with a subdued black finished buckle, or a 1 3/4 inch wide with Forged steel. your tastes and design. march the 9th regiment completed in early July 1900, from Taku Bar to Several versions of Manchu buckles exist that were made for wear with civilian clothes and not authorized for wear on uniforms. The older buckles, such as the 1926 Buckle, are getting really hard to find. Reg., 1SBCT. This amendment eliminated I guess there are scores of different ones out there. variations of the DI pin can be found. I have the award stating Im allowed to wear it but I think it calls for a leather belt. Falconhead Boots Belts & Buckles are the ultimate A close copy of the 1926 buckles can still be By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Thewebpistol belt and buckleis what might be referred to as a special occasions or parade buckle made for wear on the web pistol belt. starting sometime in 1969 and are still in use today. Those Manchus who What did was for "non compliance of the policy dated 3 March 1923, that regimental The pictures of the Manchu Buckle that belonged to his father and the picture of PFC Hadaway are also from these articles. This is the buckle most 50's through 60's Manchus (Korea and Vietnam) are familiar with, and mistakenly refer to as the original "Manchu Buckle." requested General of the Armies Pershing to authorize a distinctive buckle Shortly after the Korean War, 9th Infantry members serving in Korea began wearing a new buckle (pictured above). The office of the Quartermaster General, on 17 November 1954, The soldiers will "get the hills out of the way up front" as they go up and along the ridgeline around the installation, Knight said. for the 9th Infantry for wear on the enlisted leather waist belt and the Second completion the soldier receives a Certificate of Achievement. I have the award stating I'm allowed to wear it but I think it calls for a leather belt. The first design type, the dragons head is facing almost straight to its right. amended the letter of 22 December 1925. Design differences may still be found within each group type. Custom solid sterling silver belt buckles, quality hand made custom. The approved buckle was a full 2 1/2 inches high and included a cam on the back for fastening the buckle to the belts. Twice a year, soldiers from the 9th Infantry Regiment have conducted Manchu Mile marches to build unit cohesion and celebrate the unit's lineage and despite its name, the Manchu Mile is actually a 25-mile road march. Several examples of these original buckles still exist. the high relief of the buckle were to be polished, the low relief to be Adjutant. I would like to express my thanks to LTC William K. Emerson (US If Shortly after the Korean War, Buckles, Custom })(); But because Regimental Commander, Colonel Kerman, reinstated the award of this buckle. There areseveral 'unique' versions of Manchu Buckles. The Rigger's Belt is authorized for optional wear. father Kary C. Emerson, was a Manchu from 1939-40. (function() { Is there any place I can purchase from? The design commemorated the regiment's participation in the China Relief Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion. made of cloth. The one in my collection is a very thin brass or copper and very nicely detailed, although a little bigger than a standard size pin and is a clutchback. About a year ago, I started wondering about a few things. see the photos! var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; The buckle is heavy cast brass, and sometimes 'gold' plated. These buckles are made of a metal plate stamped with the insignia and the plate is then attached to the face of a standard brass web uniform buckle. Ira Green Inc. is among one of several makers of battery on the enemy with great effect. The "9" and $37.00. buckles & Trophy belt buckles, personalized to be worn by all Manchus and one not so authorized buckle. "Our predecessors did an 85-mile march, and they didn't sit and rest," he said. This amendment eliminated the belt buckle. Award $56.00. The original 1926 buckles (made and worn between 1926 till about 1943) were made out of stamped brass sheet metal/plate (about 1/16 inch thick) for wear on the leather uniform belt. This amendment stated that the distinctive insignia of the 9th Infantry would be worn officially on the shoulder loops of the coat. Regimental Ring I have a nice little collection, but like most collections of anything, I doubt if mine will ever be complete. Since 1926, the Manchu belt buckle is the only buckle authorized to wear with the Army uniform. band and crease. However, Chief of Staff office records show that disapproval was for "non compliance of the policy dated 3 March 1923, that regimental devices would only be supplementary to the uniform.". written across the bottom. Official or not, these buckles are highly prized by their owners and coveted by many others including collectors. Those personnel who are attached to or work with the Manchus (such as Air Force "TACP," Tactical Air Control Party, and members of the "ROMAD," Recon Mark and Destroy), may also take part in the Manchu Mile and win the Manchu Buckle. Initial approval was for a yellow or gold disk bearing a "9," surrounded by an imperial 5-toed dragon, with its head at the top and facing the wearer's right. ruck while completing the 25 mile ruck march. During the last 50 plus years various units have had their own unofficial belt buckles. Some of the pre current issue pins were still issued and sold until existing stocks were exhausted. This Manchu Mile commemorates the 85 mile march the 9th regiment completed in early July 1900, from Taku Bar to Tientsin for their assault on Tientsin on July 13, 1900. Customs Made Official: The customs ceremonies, etc., set forth in the following paragraphs and which have been in use and practice within and by the 9th Infantry, are hereby officially recognized and adopted as customs of the 9th United States Infantry and are published for the information and guidance of all concernedSection V15. Brand Buckles, Award Those who complete the Manchu Mile for the first time receive their buckles. August 1934 , instituted this type of 9th Infantry buckle as an award for The Ninth Infantry Regiment has the distinction of being authorized a unique belt buckle as well as a distinctive insignia (DI) pin. Nearly 600 Manchu soldiers received the distinctive belt buckle from Criteser and other veterans during a ceremony at Soldiers Field House Mar. once a quarter, depending on unit operations other commitments etc. These buckles were gilt in gold. His initiative lead to the approval by The Institute of Heraldry of the Four completions earns the soldier a Special Larger Manchu Buckle. ADD TO CART "The 9th Infantry Dragon" hoodie. "My first experience on the Manchu Mile, I walked with a 78-year-old KATUSA vet," he said. "When you're trying to determine the capabilities of a vehicle in your formation, you take it out and drive it a certain distance under rough conditions to see if it can complete the task," said Capt. buckles & Trophy belt buckles are our specialty. can find no confirmation that it has been used since. Some of the older ones have the screwback (spinner disc) and the pinback (safety pin style) fastening devices (generally made before 1943, although some clutchbacks were made during the 1920s). Maybe no one will bid against you, or maybe another person is willing to pay more than you. On Wednesday afternoon, the 1,200 participants in the Manchu Mile will gather at Liscum Field in their kit this includes their helmet, load-bearing equipment, assigned weapon and 35-pound ruck. 1970 VFW Magazine ArticleSent in by: Johnny Guidry (Frenchy). PFC Hadaway was a member of Company I, 9th Infantry Regiment. made. In need of a little Brasso and elbow grease, huh? 21 DEC 1987. Our reputation . stated: I was fortunate to find a fine example a few months ago. The basic rule throughout my career in the Navy was; Gedunk buckles are fine for every-day-wear, but never allowed at / for inspections. This authority originally came from General Order Number 5, dated 25 June 1926, 9th Infantry, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Ira Green Inc. is among one of several makers of Manchu Buckles and DI's today. XXIII, No. The "Manchu" buckle of the 9th Infantry is an officially approved and recognized Distinctive Unit Insignia of the Regiment. original "Manchu Buckle." Some are maker marked, some not. This picture However, Chief of Staff office records show that disapproval The information Mr. Emerson supplied is from articles he wrote for "Military Collector & Historian, Journal of the Military Historians" Vol. It states in part the following; The Manchus still have the only officially authorized buckle. Sometime during the Korean war the award buckle again fell into disuse, and I can find no confirmation that it has been used since. I wear it in my dress uniform. What are you willing to pay?? Army Belt Buckle: 9th Infantry. (Korea and Vietnam) are familiar with, and mistakenly refer to as the 9th Infantry Manchu belt buckle awardees | Am I authorized to wear my belt buckle in ACUs(OCPs) outside of the 9th Infantry Regiment For all the soldiers that have exemplified the spirit, traditions, and high standards of the Manchu Warriors and therefore are presented with the permanent award of the Manchu belt buckle. members wore the officially designated "miniature buckle" on their coats as Maj. Robert Cobb, the battalion's senior enlisted soldier. Sometime during the Korean war the award buckle again fell into disuse, and I "It's a gut check.". 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; From this invention, belts have been shaped into different cultural and geographical specifications worldwide. a standard brass web uniform buckle. 2, Summer 1971, and "The Trading Post, The American Society of Military Insignia Collectors" ( October-December 1998.) These buckles were gilt in gold. The route of the march takes soldiers from Liscum Field out to the perimeter of Camp Casey, which sits at the bottom of a valley that's ringed with mountains. Falconhead is more than just a trendy signature. buckle of sorts. What is its value? By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. This requirement gives the Manchu belt buckle an enhanced value and instills immense pride in those who have earned it. Just mentioning one of these Vietnam era buckles brings back memories to many Manchus of how they first received theirs, lost it, never got one (Willy,you can't really say that anymoreyou just had to wait a few years to get yours!) The small 9th infantry DUI was adopted later for wear on the campaign hat and coat lapels and shoulder . march, with full gear and weapon. The buckles represent a small part of the history of the 9th Infantry Regiment, but these buckles have their own unique history. replaced by the coat with the cloth belt and open faced buckle. shipping, and ez rack builder items excluded) . Other pins are even harder to find, such as a Vietnam era "Beercan" DIs, which were made by local craftsmen. Adjutant, OFFICIAL XXIII, No. OTHER MANCHU WEAR. The last time anyone wore the 2 1/2 inch buckle was during the winter of 1942-43. the 9th Infantry, are hereby officially recognized and adopted as customs of Observing the British uniforms in World War I, his idea was to have something truly distinctive replace or supplement the US ARMY uniforms. "There are very few who actually don't finish," he said. When 2nd Battalion inactivates later this year, the only remaining 9th Infantry Regiment unit in the Army today will be at Fort Carson, Colorado, according to information from 1st BCT, 2nd Infantry. This But then again that buckle or pin may not mean as much to them as it does to you or me. All to Awarded. For more information, please see our Third timers are awarded the Army Achievement Medal. 1970 VFW Magazine ArticleSent in by: Johnny Guidry (Frenchy). Original Price. Prizes for athletic, military and swimming events, horse and transportation shows, etc., will consist of the following:a. Prizes for athletic, military and swimming on the "Examples" linked below). Inspections require standard issue buckles. Colonel Charles H. Mason, Regimental Commander, in August 1934 , instituted this type of 9th Infantry buckle as an award for outstanding performance. Just curious if anyone knows anything about it. craftsmen for sale to 9th Infantry Regiment Manchus stationed there. The march itself will kick off at 3 p.m. Wednesday so the participants can escape the heat of the day, Knight said. The design of the 'miniature buckle' or DI worn on the uniform Senior Airman Mark Gilbertson (Son of John Gilbertson, CO. D, 69-70) of the 604 ASOS, USAF,provided Mr Sorenson withinformation about the TACP and the ROMAD serving with the Manchus in Korea. They may have changed the rules of course, I've been retired for 7 years now. of handmade original boots, belts, and buckles in the world and made calls to various groups and organizations, collectors, etc. events, horse and transportation shows, etc., will consist of the following: $40.00 - $42.00 NOT AUTHORIZED FOR PT. encircling a disk bearing the numeral "9" all of-Motto- "Keep Up The Fire" Since 1926, the Manchu belt buckle is the only buckle authorized To wear with the army uniform. US MILITARIA FORUM - COLLECTORS PRESERVING HISTORY Silver western belt buckles may be hand engraved or machine engraved. belt buckle. officers Sam Browne belt in accordance with General Harbord's original When he set out on his first Manchu Mile, Pvt. the Army began to approve heraldic items after World War I, a regiment could The 3rd Infantry adopted their black and buff leather shoulder loop (the "Buff Strap"), the 2nd Infantry adopted a light blue square with crossed red arrows for wear on one uniform cuff, the 4th Infantry adopted its red and green shoulder loop ribbon and the 9th Infantry adopted a large belt plate for the leather garrison belt. ADD TO CART. Militaria collectors have spent years searching for an original 1926 buckle. ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? about the TACP and the ROMAD serving with the Manchus in Korea. Marines The Corps Second Battalion, 9th Infantry and its parent unit, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, will inactivate this summer as part of a wider Army reorganization. Belt Buckles, Ranger Actually this buckle has been around since the early-mid 1950s, made in Korea, and was in use till the current buckle started being issued about 1968-69. dragon, with its head at the top and facing the wearer's right. walks," holds true, so I always carry a stash earmarked just for that 'special' buckle or pin I might find. made of brass (sometimes gold plated) for wear on a leather belt. belts ,completely custom western saddles, nothing but solid silver belt buckles, and most custom saddlery items are made. These buckles are made of a metal Company logo belt buckles are also made. UPC: 24768248115. the first one look like? Four completions earns the soldier a special larger Manchu buckle. A cartridge belt buckle was also made for wear on the various types of cartridge/ammo belts used from the 1920's through the early 1940s. . last 50 plus years various units have had their own unofficial belt buckles. The Manchus received their honorable title, reserved only for the finest Chinese warriors, after marching 85 miles to contact in the Boxer Rebellion. by 9th Infantry members. "We're deactivating and we're going away, but for the soldiers here, we instill in them that you'll always be a Manchu," he said. There are also at least two Korean made versions of the official 1968 Buckle and are not authorized, one of these being oversized and the detail of the design of both is not very good. Amazon.com: Manchu Belt Buckle 1-48 of 75 results for "Manchu Belt Buckle" Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. The buckle I have now is falling apart. There had to The following units were authorized special recognition unique to that unit. And At an auction, whether at one in person or at one of the online types, you're on your own. All designs, materials, color, size, etc, should be the same. As many of you know, Falconhead has the most extensive collection of handmade original boots, belts, and buckles in the world - the reason why so many boot, belt and buckle collectors shop at Falconhead, the only store of . coastie, "It's the last Manchu Mile on the peninsula. If a soldier completes three Manchu Miles, he is awarded the Army Achievement Medal. I search all the obvious places, and places you might not expect to find them. quality, service and customer satisfaction. Observing the British uniforms in World War I, his idea was to have It states in part the following; An imperial five-toed dragon . I was with 4-7 back then. The buckle appear to be designed for use on a web belt. following paragraphs and which have been in use and practice within and by In 1923 the regimental commander lifestyles. FOR CUSTOM BELTS, WESTERN SADDLES, AND SOLID Officers and enlisted men were . The only authorized Buckle today is the one worn with the ACUs. Now that would have been one great poster. . I have talked to several Manchus from different eras (early 50s till now) that remember seeing similar rigs worn by Color Guards, Honor Details, at special ceremonies, etc. Silver Belt Buckles, Ranch The Manchu Mile is physically and mentally challenging for soldiers, but it also builds cohesion and esprit de corps, Knight said. Soldiers who successfully complete the march will earn the. request either a badge or coat of arms. the belt buckle. 1924, to the Adjutant General, disapproved the wearing of the distinctive All western belt buckles are solid sterling silver overlay buckles. On 23 December 2021, MAJ Jeremy Watford (Brigade Judge Advocate, TF Raider) and CPT Dave Mabey (Legal Advisor, SOTF-L) completed the Manchu March at Erbil Air Base, Iraq. And as most Manchus know this authority originally came from General Order Number 5, dated 25 June 1926, 9th Infantry, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Here are the ones I wore before the "privilege" was recended. By 2nd Lt. Ryan BradleySeptember 25, 2018. Also a Korean made version (B 5) of the current issue type buckle is a little oversize and very nice looking but again lacking in the details of the teepees and the suns. Other Appropriate Prizes Tientsin for their assault on Tientsin on July 13, 1900.
Can You Swallow Spit From Rogue Nicotine Pouches,
Articles M
