The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). These observations seem to place Zephaniah in the early years of Josiahs reign, perhaps about 630 B.C., as a contemporary of Habakkuk. He would be king over all the earth verses (3, 8, 9), and His dominion from sea even to sea, even to the ends of the earth (chapter 9:9, 10). Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. It was last of all that God sent unto them his son, according to Christs own words (Matthew 21:37), but they caught him and slew him (verse 39). The fickle, human will is the weak, unstable factor in conditional prophecy. . Feebleness and disease were to disappear entirely from Israel as the result of strict adherence to healthful principles (see Exodus 15:26; Deuteronomy 7:13, 15; etc.). When Messiah came, His own people, the Jews, received him not (John 1:11). Nothing is known concerning the prophet Habakkuk beyond his name. ![A1 l0.BaD Xae [#J8U!r^X O, Prophet to Judah Prophet to Israel Joel* *This is the traditional date for Joel, but the date is uncertain and suggestions range from the ninth to the fourth century. At the same time, He permitted the heathen nations to walk in their own ways (Acts 14:16), to furnish an example of what man can accomplish apart from Him. However, he is again found playing a role on the night of Babylons fall, as interpreter of the mysterious handwriting on the wall (chapter 5). ). 1 Peter 2:9, 10). 3:5). The table below shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders, until their kingdom should embrace the world (cf. who were active at that time. Just because someone was mentioned in scripture, it does not mean they were a prophet, per se. When they brought forth wild grapes instead of the mature fruit of character, He inquired, What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? (Isaiah 5:1-7). Both of these extreme methods wrest the obvious intent of the Scriptures and render a sound understanding of the messages of the prophets for the church today unattainable. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). Discover what the message meant to the people of that time. God placed His people in Palestine, the crossroads of the ancient world, and provided them with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the face of the earth. For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. **All dates are approximate time periods of each prophets ministry. Ch 2: Israel Forsakes God Ch 3:6 Unfaithful Israel Ch 4:5 Disaster From the North Ch 5: Not One Is Upright 2010 by the Theology of Work Project, Inc. If chapter 52, a historical appendix, was written by the prophet, he must have lived until 561, when Jehoiachin was released from prison by King Evil-Merodach of Babylon (see chapter 52:31). The sixteen prophetsIsaiah to Malachiwhose writings have come down to us lived during four centuries, from about 800 to 400 B.C. The following brief summaries contain the evidence on which the various prophets have been entered in the chronological positions in which they are found in the chart. All rights reserved. It is not known whether Malachi is the name of the author or simply the title of an otherwise anonymous author, since Malachi means my messenger. If it is the latter, his is the only anonymous work among the prophetic books of the Old Testament. The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. Holiness of character (Levites 19:2; see on Matthew 5:48). (r!W6 l3uY8&"|flz;44~6. His word endureth for ever (1 Peter 1:25). Daniel 2:35). Log in, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kings, timeline of Old Testament prophets and kings, David, great goodness and great sins, yet always a man after Gods own heart, Samuel and Saul, the importance of listening to God & how to do it, Judges & Ruth, My Way or Gods Way, how to live the best way, How to Correctly Understand & Apply Bible Stories & Biblical Narratives, The Book of Joshua, 9 Lessons on how to fight and win in the battles of life, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kingswhere they fit in history, NEW for 2023 Reading Schedules through the Bible in Chronological Historical order, plus free journaling pages, Intro & Overview of Old Testament Prophets, little understood, incredibly important, Joshua: How to fight and win in the battles of life, Deuteronomy: Gods love and how we should live in response. Click to enable/disable _ga - Google Analytics Cookie. Added Huldah as a prophetess during the reign of Judah's King Josiah. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. First Century Israel Map - Blog / Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets August 11, 2014 Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets Jonathan Petersen Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens ( @craigtowens) has created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah: [ See the updated version of this chart] Owens says: Seventh-day Adventists believe that, generally speaking, the promises and predictions given through the Old Testament prophets originally applied to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them on the condition that they obey God and remain loyal to Him. Situate the prophets within Israel's history. Click on the different category headings to find out more. An table see shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel both the southern kingdom of Judah. Micah states that his ministry fell in the time of the kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1). *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. Furthermore, Old Testament prophecy must first be examined in terms of its historical application to literal Israel before the validity of a derived application to spiritual Israel may be undertaken. Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. It was ordained of God to meet the needs of His people at the time it was given and to remind them of the glorious destiny that awaited them as a nation, of the coming of the Messiah, and of the establishment of His eternal kingdom. They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. With the call of Abraham, God set in operation a definite plan for bringing the Messiah into the world and for presenting the gospel invitation to all men (Genesis 12:1-3). for more details of the individual monarchs and prophets. And the Lord shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other (Deuteronomy 28:63, 64). from the ends of the earth (Jeremiah 16:19), to the light of truth shining forth from the mountain of the Lord (Isaiah 2:3; 60:3; 56:7; cf. He probably died in the Nile country. It was their unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God that prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard which He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings which He was ready to bestow upon them. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. Judah was conquered by Babylon in 586 BC and returned to the land after 70-year captivity. During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. Used under license from Veer Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. Timeline of the Prophets PDF Image Prophets Obadiah 848 BC - 840 BC Jonah 782 BC - 753 BC Amos 765 BC - 750 BC Hosea 750 BC - 725 BC Isaiah 740 BC - 681 BC Micah 735 BC - 710 BC Nahum 650 BC - 630 BC Zephaniah 630 BC - 625 BC Jeremiah 627 BC - 582 BC Habakkuk 608 BC - 597 BC Show More. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. Also note that during this time the prophets Jeremiah & Ezekiel were active. Furthermore, the rise of the Chaldeans and their invasion of the West is predicted, but this seemed at that time completely incredible (chapter 1:5-7). The prophet Zephaniah traces his genealogy back to an important personage by the name of Hizkiah, probably King Hezekiah (the names are the same in Hebrew) of Judah. Hearing of all the advantages with which the God of Israel had blessed His people and all the prosperity He had procured for them (Jeremiah 33:9), the pagan nations would admit that their own fathers had inherited lies (chapter 16:19). Minor prophets. Hosea, Prophet Hosea was a biblical prophet in the land of Israel and spoke the messages of the Lord. ?v>wO?D=`7[wx"*M -3R?$+Rjxwux>zz+ ,hd_AJ`sBJl2| AK7m?4(_^p/_zP_7LmVMNn[5s`#ydtA. For example, Nathan was King David's prophet, and he was financially supported by the king. In the introduction to his book he declares that he worked under the kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel. chapter 11:18). Although the Hebrew term naar, youth, or child, by which the prophet designates himself verse (6), does not give an indication of Jeremiahs exact age at the time of his call, the context of the passage in which this word appears seems to favor the interpretation that he was still very young, perhaps less than twenty. Matthew 19:16, 17; 22:36-40). Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Psalm11918.org Our recent studies of the writings of the prophets have brought our attention to the era of the kings of Israel and Judah. He appears on the Bible Timeline Poster around the 8th century B.C. Isaiah 3:12; 9:16) meant the permanent, irrevocable cancellation of their special standing before God as a nation (cf. The futurist school of interpretation contends that the many promises of restoration and world leadership made to ancient Israel are yet to be fulfilled in connection with the establishment of the modern state of Israel in Palestine. 2. Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. Some scholars place this date after Nebuchadnezzar's conquest of Judah in 586 BC, but since post-exilic prophets always named Nebuchadnezzar or Babylon, I think it's more likely to have occurred during the reign of Jehoram around 840 BC (see also 2 Chronicles 21:8-10 ). Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. Eventually Gods purposes will prevail and the plan of salvation will succeed, irrespective of the failure of any person or group. They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. Jotham (750 -735) inactive in rule after Hosea Amos Zechariah The student of the Bible who hopes to secure from it the greatest help will first proceed to reconstruct the historical context of each passage. stream The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. Candid bible. ; (locust and Day of the Lord pictures in Joel), written against Edom (which was enemy of Jerusalem under Jehoram? In spite of the bold and zealous efforts of such prophets as Elijah, Elisha, Amos, and Hosea, the northern kingdom rapidly deteriorated and was eventually carried into Assyrian captivity. For illustrations of the reversal of threatened judgment, see Jonah 3:3-10; cf. He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). This division, though tragic, served to insulate, for a time, the southern kingdom, Judah, from the tide of idolatry that soon engulfed the northern kingdom, Israel (see Hosea 4:17). God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. He would have come, He would have died, and would have risen again. 2. The sons of the stranger [or Gentile, 1 Kings 8:41; see on Exodus 12:19, 43] would join themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the name of the Lord (Isaiah 56:6; Zechariah 2:11). Desiring the same blessings for themselves, they would make inquiry as to how they too might acquire these obvious material advantages. Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). 2. The promises and threatenings of God are alike conditional. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). They rejected the Light of the world, and henceforth their lives were surrounded with darkness as the darkness of midnight. In an age when every wind of doctrine is blowing it is well to make certain that our understanding of Bible prophecy rests upon a positive Thus saith the Lord (see Deuteronomy 29:29; Isaiah 50:11; Jeremiah 2:13; Matthew 7:24-28; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 5, 12, 13; Eph. But when the Jews rejected Christ there was no such assurance of reinstatement. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). 3rd return of exiles (445) Major prophets. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). Its people were given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project. The transition from literal Israel to spiritual Israel, or the Christian church, is the subject of Romans 9-11. John 4:23, 24; 2 Tim. For Haggai, the drought of the land and the ruin of the temple are inseparable. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. Strangely, no evidence suggests that any of these knew in person any of the others. God may reject one nation or group of people in favor of another if those first summoned persistently refuse to cooperate with Him (see Jeremiah 18:6-10; cf. the Exodus from Egypt (prophecy of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam) the Land of Israel c. 1300-1250 BC [citation needed] Joshua leads the people c. 1250 BC-c. 1025 BC [citation needed] Biblical Judges lead the people. At times they had an import, not only for the age in which the prophet lived, but also for a day far future; in other words, they had a dual application. The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. c.1050-c.930 BC From King Saul to the prophet Samuel and young King David and his royal dynasty through Solomon. Through Israel of old, God planned to provide the nations of earth with a living revelation of His own holy character and an exhibit of the glorious heights to which man can attain by cooperating with His infinite purposes. Again and again He had warned His people that captivity would be the result of disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:9; 28:1, 2, 14, 18; Jeremiah 18:7-10; 26:2-16; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). What makes it challenging when reading straight through the Bible [in chronological order] is that the history is covered in 1 and 2 Kings and then again in 1 and 2 Chronicles. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). Prophets arose in Israel during the period when Israel's kings challenged the people in powerthe political rulers and the economic elite. 3. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. The fourth school of interpretation may, at times, arrive at a valid application of the predictive portions of Old Testament prophecy to the church today and to its future experience, but neglects the primary application of these messages to their historical setting, and proceeds, quite arbitrarily, to determine that certain selected passages were written more or less exclusively for the church today. Haggais courageous ministry was responsible for the resumption of the rebuilding of the Temple in the time of Darius I, after the work had ceased for some time (Ezra 4:24; 5:1). 4:14; Colossians 2:2-4, 8; 2 Peter 1:16; Revelation 22:18). Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). Prophecies that Inspiration clearly applies to our day were designed of God to inspire us with patience, comfort, and the hope that all things foretold by these holy men of old will soon meet their final and complete fulfillment. The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. A less-well-defined school of interpretation bases its approach to the prophetic portions of the Old Testament on the theory that the prophet, while bearing messages to the people of his day, also took occasional excursions into the distant future, with the result that many of his forecasts did not apply to literal Israel at all, but were intended exclusively for Israel after the spirit, that is, for the church today. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. Mark 7:9). NOTE: This will conclude our study of Kings. 2 Kings 20:1-5; and of promised blessing, see Exodus 6:2-8; cf. Superior intellect. Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. We need 2 cookies to store this setting. prophecies of Elijah, Micaiah, and Elisha. It was probably at this time, when Daniel was nearly 90 years of age, that he was commanded to conclude his book and seal it up (chapter 12:4, 13). The establishment of the Hebrew monarchy did not affect the basic principles of the theocracy (Deuteronomy 17:14-20; 1 Samuel 8:7). THE EXILE c.585-c.457 BC Indeed, this secondary application is for us today the more significant. They looked for Messiah to reign as a temporal prince (cf. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. In Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk Chart of Israel's Kings and Prophets NOTES: Dates in {brackets} indicate a period of co-regency with the prior king (s). Joshua and Judges spoke of the history just after the time of Moses. Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. 6. It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). One of the main objectives of the Bible commentator is to reconstruct the historical setting in which the declarations of the prophets were originally made. The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. In general, Old Testament promises and predictions were addressed to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them, conditional on obedience. Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. b. This fact is recognized by the various New Testament writers, who quoted Isaiah more than 90 times. 2 Samuel 12:7 - "This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says", The Story of the Bible - Part One - The Old Testament. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. Joel 1:15; 2:1, 32) can hardly serve as evidence for either a late or an early date. The following simple rules are suggested as a safe approach to the study of each prophetic passage of the Old Testament: 1. The plan itself never changes because God never changes. The blessings of health. Isaiah 2:2-4). You are here: Home 1 / Timelines 2 / Chronology of the Prophets See also the Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. Theology of Work Project Online Materials by Theology of Work Project, Inc. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. chapter 9:7; Isaiah 66:23). Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. As the people cooperated with the directions God gave them in regard to the culture of the soil, the land would gradually be restored to Edenic fertility and beauty (Isaiah 51:3). The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? 1 0 obj They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). His early ministry seems to have coincided with the last years of King Uzziahs reign (see Introduction to Isaiah), but his official call to the office of a prophet came in 740/39, the last year of King Uzziah (chapter 6:1). Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7). Furthermore, the fact that the people of Tyre and Sidon do not appear as hostile nations of Judah until the last decades of its history, while they are mentioned by Joel as Judahs enemies, seems also to point to a late date for the prophets ministry. or during the early years of his reign. Jonah **Uzziah is alive until 740, King of Israel Jeroboam II (793-753) Important Dates 760 750 740 (767-740**) but 750. In Babylon: prophecy of Ezekiel, Return to the land under Persian rule, and writings of Ezra-Nehemiah The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). 4. They would send messengers to Israel with the declaration, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you (Zechariah 8:23). endobj Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. One column provides a list of certain special events of this periodsome of a political nature, concerning the nations surrounding Israel and Judah, others of a domestic nature. It is impossible to date the devastating plague of locusts that the prophet so vividly describes and compares with the terrors of the coming day of judgment. *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. Although no chronological data are found in the book, certain statements permit a comparatively exact dating of Habakkuks prophecies. With your gift of any size, youll enable us to continue equipping Christians with high-quality biblically-based content. The prophets call us to re-learn the lesson that a respect for the creator of the earth we occupy is a starting point for peace between the earth and its inhabitants. So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. Nations that had known nothing of the true God would run to Jerusalem because of the manifest evidence of divine blessing that attended Israel (chapter 55:5). During all these times, God sent his prophets to challenge and encourage his people. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). Amir Tsarfati: Israel's Prophetic Timeline. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). Their own characters were to be progressively ennobled and elevated, and to reflect more and more perfectly the attributes of the perfect character of God (Deuteronomy 4:9; 28:1, 13, 14; 30:9, 10). Even during the Captivity, and later under foreign tutelage, Israel remained a theocracy in theory if not fully in practice. However, 2 Kings 14:25 states that Jonah also pronounced a prophecy concerning the expansion of Israel that was fulfilled by Jeroboam II. Jerusalem would have become a great missionary center, and the earth would have been set ablaze with the light of truth in one grand, final appeal to those who had not as yet accepted the invitation of divine mercy. Furthermore, the repeated mention of Judahs wickedness, described as enormous in his day (see chapters 1:4-6, 8, 9, 12; 3:1-3, 7), points to the time before Josiahs reform, which began in 623/22. He belonged to a family of priests whose home town was Anathoth. The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. Partial compliance on their part with the will of God made possible a partial fulfillment of the covenant promises on Gods part. --"when a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if the thing does not happen or come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD has not spoken". In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. The list is roughly chronological . Solomon made his great mistake when he failed to realize the secret of Israels prosperity, and with a few noteworthy exceptions, leaders and people sank lower and lower from generation to generation until apostasy was complete (Isaiah 3:12; 9:16; Jeremiah 5:1-5; 8:10; Ezekiel 22:23-31; Micah 3).
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