pledge^4 hijrah None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less. [2][4][5] It is considered a sign of belonging to the wider Muslim community (Ummah). Note: I have merely answered your question. in Arabic with facing English text, commentary and appendices ", "Bohra women go online to fight circumcision trauma", "Female Genital Mutilation: Many Pakistani women's painful secret", "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now? Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: Do not cut too muchas that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband, (Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 5229, Mustadrak Hakim, vol. Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Daifah by al-Albani, no. [2] Muslims are currently the largest single religious group in which the practice is widespread,[3][6] although circumcision is never mentioned in the Quran itself but is mentioned in the adth literature and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his lifetime). [d] Christian authorities agree that the practice has no foundation in Christianity's religious texts, and Christian missionaries in Africa were at the forefront of efforts to stop it. Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. This discourse would be incomplete without highlighting on female circumcision (khafd). In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. (Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Sunan, Kitab We do not Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about whether women should be circumcised or not. BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Further discussion, including the Arabic text of this passage, is found "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now?". roosters comb, above the exit of the urethra. If the girl is hurt, it is prohibited. out! 'Uthman said, 'Go and circumcise them and purify them. cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This swore~ Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saws) in English and Arabic Circumcision - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( ) Performing FGM, including arranging for it to be performed overseas on resident Swiss girls, was outlawed in the country in 2012. Another sound (sahih) hadith, which is used to support female circumcision, concerns the fitrah of Islamic practice. )", (Source: Reliance of the Traveller, Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Classification of female genital mutilation", Social Dynamics of Abandonment of Harmful Practices: A New Look at the Theory, "Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "In Mauritania, progress made in ending female genital mutilation/cutting", "Religious fatwa for banning all forms of FGM/C", "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", "Iraqi Kurdistan: FGM Fatwa Positive, but Not Definitive", "Editorial: The Jewish And Christian View On Female Genital Mutilation", Female genital mutilation survey in Somaliland, "Female Genital Cutting: The Beginning of the End", "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", "Egypt mufti says female circumcision forbidden", "Secretary general of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation speaks in Jakarta at conference on the role of women in development", "Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mdchen", "Mutilating bodies: the Muslim Brotherhood's gift to Egyptian women", "Islamic Ruling on Male and Female Circumcision", "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To Islamize in Ceremony or Secrecy", "The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia", "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", "Indonesian Ulema in favour of female circumcision: a 'human right'", "MUI pushes government to circumcise girls", "Has female genital mutilation been an old and common practice in history? ", "Hadith Book of Dress Sahih al-Bukhari Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( )", "Hadith The Book of Purification Sahih Muslim Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( )", "What Do You Do at a Turkish Sunnet Festival? Circumcision is a Sunnah (obligation) for men, honour for women This hadith is not reported in the more reliable books of hadith of Bukhari and Muslim and is not even included in Mu'atta of Imam Malik. Retrieved 16 April 2017. [22], FGM is found mostly within and adjacent to Muslim communities. The only Jewish group known to have practised FGM are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia. In the Sunnah, Muhammad stated that circumcision was a "law for men.". [19] A 2013 UNICEF report identified 17 African countries in which at least 10 percent of Christian women and girls aged 1549 had undergone it. The . [16] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also [26] The practice is both "contiguously distributed and contagious", he writes: "It spreads across groups as more resource-endowed males encounter less resource-endowed females in circumstances of inequality." Vol. Wasa'il al-shi'ah ila tahsil masa'il al-shariah. According to some scholars this interpretation is incorrect, as the Islamic use of terminology is restricted to male circumcision. When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the With regard to the wisdom behind the circumcision of women , it is to regulate their desire so it will be moderate. According to historians of religion and scholars of Religious studies, the Islamic tradition of circumcision was derived from the Pagan practices and rituals of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] and is never mentioned in the Quran. He said, Until the glans (tip of the penis) becomes visible. swore~ Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 5:75; Abu Dawud, Adab 167, Page 766 of the Volume II of Al-Basaer wa al-Dhakha'ir, Abu Hayyan Tawhidi, Kayln, Damascus, 1964, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. The Sunnah is not to cut all It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. Boolean Operators e.g. sacrifice an animal." If as insult against a non-Muslim by Muslim. [79][80][81][82], Most forms of Judaism requires male circumcision, but it does not allow FGM and the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) does not mention it. This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). February 2017. Boolean Operators e.g. The He chewed the dates and opened the child's mouth and put some chewed [35], According to UNICEF, over 200 million women in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia have been subjected to the practice and are living with female genital mutilation. Circumcision is mandatory for Muslims based on tradition, Get him out! (Bukhari, Muslim). Fuzzy Search e.g. bazr) of the clitoris (n: not the clitoris itself, Matches any set of one or more characters. It is essential that every Muslim washes before praying. by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, (i.e. A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. Traditionally, adult converts to Islam were encouraged to undergo the operation but this practice is not universally endorsed, particularly if the procedure poses a health risk. [a] The procedures confer no health benefits and can lead to serious health problems. [31], Due to the dual gender use of the word khitan in Arabic, female genital mutilation (FGM) is sometimes referred to as khitan by its proponents in an effort to seek justification for the practice in Islamic scriptures. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. Ibn-al-jallab (died 988, Malikite) Hanafi Madhab The Hanafi view is that it is a sunnah (optional act) for both females and males 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam' by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008) Circumcision is sunnah and fitrah. In some Islamic countries circumcision is performed after Muslim boys have recited the whole of the Qur'an from start to finish. Thomas, Lynn M. (2000). This size "Fatwa", in Suad, Joseph and Afsaneh, Najmabadi, eds. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. ibn al-Musayyab asking a group of people, "What do you think about Paying money for circumcision: Permissible. It is also made necessary by an indicated by the general meaning of the evidence that has been narrated a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was in this mosque Female she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! by the room and saw him singing and shaking his head in rapture - and [1][2] According to Shfi and anbal jurists both male and female circumcision are legally obligatory for Muslims,[1][2] although anaf jurists also consider circumcision to be recommendable exclusively for Muslim males on the seventh day after birth. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. [11] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision. before Islam, and the lady who performed these kinds of surgery was Muslims believe the removal of the foreksin makes it easier to keep the penis clean because urine can't get trapped there. W. La Barre, The Ghost Dance, London, 1972, Volume II of al-Hayawan by Jahiz, ed. gave him the name 'Abdullah. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani describes this hadith as poor in authenticity, and quotes Ahmad Bayhaqi's opinion that it is "poor, with a broken chain of transmission". Shaykh Ibn Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The most correct view is that it is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. Log in, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. prepared some food for you and I would like you to bring some nobles with but the imaam turned Female Circumcision in Islam; Can a Muslim lady marry a non Muslim man? [72] In 2013 the Indonesian Ulema Council, Indonesia's top Muslim clerical body, ruled that it favours FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is "morally recommended". 'A'isha passed This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Hadith 1: English translation : Book 53, Hadith 1244: Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 1244 Circumcision of the female consists of the removal of a part of the clitoris, Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: The fitrah is A. M. Harun, 7 vols., Cairo, 1938, The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by W. Whiston, 2 vols., London, 1858, Al-Halabi, Ali Ibn-Burhan-al-Din. a woollen robe while he was marking one of his camels with tar. 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. It involves the cutting of the outer portion of the clitoris. Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. `Umdat as-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1386), This article looks at the reasons for this. 2.1.5 When the Circumcised Parts Touch Each Other 2.2 Hadith: The Sahabah (the Companions of Muhammad) 2.2.1 One Who Circumcises Other Ladies 2.2.2 In Bukhari's al-Adab al-Mufrad 2.2.2.1 Someone to Amuse Them 2.2.2.2 Go and Circumcise Them and Purify Them 3 FGM in the Qur'an 4 FGM and the Schools of Islamic Law 4.1 Maliki Madhab 4.2 Hanafi Madhab [2] The Maliki and Shafi'i schools do not differentiate its ruling from that of male circumcision; the former considering it recommended and not obligatory (mandb), whilst the for the latter, it is obligatory (wjib). [15][16][b] However, FGM was introduced in Southeast Asia by the spread of Shafi'i version of Islamic jurisprudence, which considers the practice obligatory. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. [67], Islam introduced FGM into Indonesia and Malaysia from the 13th century on. Here, the word pledge will have higher weight than hijrah. [40] When, in the 1930s, Christian missionaries tried to make the abandonment of FGM a condition of church membership in colonial Kenya, they provoked a far-reaching campaign in defence of the practice. Dr Bashir Quereshi, author of Transcultural Medicine, explains: "Every Muslim is expected to follow the way and the life of the Prophet Muhammad. For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. He was circumcised "Circumcision Circumscribed: Female Excision and Cultural Accommodation in the Medieval Near East". [14][51][52] A conference at Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 2006 saw prominent Muslim clergy declare it unnecessary. Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. FGM as a practice is nearly universally unknown among the orthodox Shia Muslims. A translation of the classical manual of Islamic Sacred Law (Shari'ah) Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saws) in English and Arabic Sahih al-Bukhari 6298 - Asking Permission - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( ) ", "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it? Another hadith attributed to Muhammad states: "the earth cries out to God in anguish because of the urine of the uncircumcised", and that "the earth becomes defiled from the urine of the uncircumcised for forty days". Ibrahim stood up and swept him with Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation. ibn Qarir, Musa ibn Yasar and I - visited Yahya ibn Hassan (al-Bakri In the male it is also called idhar. Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. [20][83] The Beta Israel were not familiar with the Talmud, the Mishnah, and other religious scripture, and read and spoke little or no Hebrew. I think that we were more happy about it Mohammad Salim al-Awa states that, while the hadith is authentic, it is not evidence of support for FGM. Vol. still recognise the supplication of that day in him. "[62], Another hadith used in support is in Sahih Muslim: "The Messenger of Allah said: When anyone sits amidst four parts (of the woman) and the circumcised parts touch each other a bath becomes obligatory." What does the Hadith say about circumcision? [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water.
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