eeio emission factors

The right side of Eq. 31. is composed of xs:x output ratios and identical in its indices (rows and column identifiers) to B. The same indicators used in v1.113 along with the three indicators (CNHW, CNHWC, CRHW) for waste generation8 are used in v2.0 (Table3). A is created from the normalized forms of the Model Make, V, and Use, U, tables. 2007 Census of Agriculture. General Motors worked with Climate Earth consultants to useUSEEIO to calculate their Scope 3 GHG emissions associated with the purchased goods and services in their supply chain. Environmentally-extended input output (EEIO) models estimate energy use and/or GHG emissions resulting from the production and upstream value chain activities of different sectors and products within an economy. To assist in quantifying these emissions, EPA has developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. Environmental flows are transformed from source data schema, typically NAICS 2012 codes, to USEEIO schema (e.g. As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. Where particular elementary flows are reported in both NEI and TRI, flows are maintained from the NEI only to prevent double counting. Step 3: Improve and expand emissions estimate over time. When making these improvements, it is recommended to focus first on categories with the largest impact on the organizations total GHG inventory. Users should be aware of the limitations of using the Rest of World results. Model coefficient matrices can be converted to reflect different currency years. The IO transactions for the Use table intersection are assigned based on material flows between the disaggregated sectors, using RCRAInfo data as the main data source. The relative contribution, rc of a flow, f, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. Learn more on the project website. An Introduction to Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Analysis The R package useeior v1.0.061 was used for USEEIO v2.0 model creation. The authors declare no competing interests. Report No. USEEIO Model Overview and EEIO Primer. in order to minimize inter-plant variability. & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. The final perspective associates the totals with the final consumption sectors that drove that impact. Conserv. It is the first model version since USEEIO v1.2 capable of calculating potential environmental impacts, resource use and waste generation along with economic impacts, and builds upon the creation of the USEEIO v2 GHG models, which were a series of USEEIO models used to calculate Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors1. In flowsa, source classification codes are used to allocation emissions to one or more NAICS through activity-to-sector mapping files. Overview of GHG Protocol scopes and emissions across the value chain. v1.2 estimated 2007 mining water withdrawals by scaling 2002 water IO vector coefficients in gal/$M by changes in annual employment53,71. Water_national_2015_m1 no longer includes water withdrawal for hydroelectric power, as the USGS stopped estimating national water withdrawals for this category in 200055. The result is available in the National Point Source Releases to Ground By Industry 2017 v1.1 dataset35. Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Satellite Tables. This dataset tracks the monetary receipts by the different waste management subsectors that broadly correspond to the disaggregated sectors being introduced to the v2.0 model. For xz to be in year y USD, the year of the IO data, x, must first be price adjusted using Eq. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and conducted the research described herein under an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (K-LRTD-0030017-QP-1-3). The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value. Producer price is the price of a commodity reflecting an industrys cost to produce it including commodity taxes11. Natural gas also saw a larger decrease relative to other sectors. flowsa v1.0.126 was used for preparation of all original environmental inputs. Home | Emissionfactors Figure 2 shows an example progression over time of improvement and expansion. Due to shifts in the oil and gas industry towards increased natural gas extraction, the 2002 water withdrawal coefficients likely do not reflect 2015 water withdrawals for mining industries. The accuracy of the impact proportion depending on the validity of the assumption that domestic impact intensities are equivalent to foreign impact intensities, which is not likely valid in all cases. Users can find a coefficient (per USD) in producers price in 2012 USD by finding the cell at the intersection of the row with the flow (M matrix) or indicator (N matrix) of interest along with the column with the commodity best representing the purchase. The 2021 edition is no longer available for purchase. Therefore, selecting the correct project type is pivotal. Please click here to see any active alerts. Revised methods for particulate matter estimates in the NEI were implemented since 2011, the data year used in v1.1, that better account for emissions of dust from livestock31. Top 20 commodities by composite impact score for models v2.0 and v1.2 calculated using (a) the total US production demand vector and the direct perspective and (b) using the total US consumption demand vector and the final perspective. - Government published carbon conversion factors. 17. 13. 36. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524317 (2021). Multiplying emissions of a given GHG by its GWP gives us the CO 2 equivalent emissions. Syst. Service Annual Survey Historical Data (NAICS-basis): 2015. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2015/econ/services/sas-naics.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). The Make table columns represent which commodities are produced by different industries. Econ. This sector provides a wide range of services from non-hazardous waste landfilling and recycling to contaminated site remediation. Bi is the satellite matrix in industry form from Eq. In the case of the new waste commodity and industry totals, they summed to within 1% of the Waste and Remediation commodity and industry totals in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use tables. While the model does cover these impacts, they are modeled with a domestic technology assumption, which assumes imports are produced with the same inputs and produce the same emissions per dollar commodity as US commodites. 2 shows that domestic impacts are indeed a proportion of total impacts, with proportions varying by indicator, due to the degree of requirements being met by processes driving the respective impacts. Environ. These factors are intended for quantifying emissions from purchased goods and services using the spend-based method defined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. )2, therefore all environmental data was adjusted to be in 2013 US Dollars (USD). Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. In general, the final demand in the BEA Use table can be grouped into the following categories: yg=federal, state and local government consumption. Emissions Factors 2022 is now available. Matrix algebra is used to represent the steps of creating the USEEIO model, using conventions for variable names commonly used in a mix of standard references for IO analysis16 and LCA17, and the existing USEEIO model documentation. ipcc-efdb@iges.or.jp. In v2.0, these land use categories are allocated to sectors using BLS employment data43. A summary of life cycle impact assessment results from v2.0 for 2012 total US production and consumption are presented in Table8. Scope 3 emissions are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly affects in its value chain. In some cases, an emissions estimate may be necessary to determine if the category is relevant based on size. As for the second problem, each BEA-NAICS correspondence is extended to all related NAICS codes based on a Census-released 26 digit NAICS Code table25. Waste commodity consumption is concentrated within a few sectors, with 55% of the commodity consumed by the top five sectors. Environmental flows generated in flowsa are checked for data loss after allocation to industry sectors, by comparing flow amounts in the original source data to flow amounts in the final output. This level of aggregation prevents targeted analysis of various waste handling activities, such as material recovery (recycling). Significant decreases in HRSP are visible in agricultural sectors except in Cattle. 11:25-11:30. To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. This paper presents a summary of the complete v2.0 model attributes and model creation with a focus on describing methodological updates since the publication of the original USEEIO methodology. Water withdrawal impact intensity differences are attributed to allocation methodology changes for the irrigation, mining, and industrial USGS water use categories. Salesforce Help | Article 56221: Most of the flows are to Hazardous waste disposal sector. The organization may be able to expand its reporting by estimating these relevant categories in the future, which is recommended to increase completeness. Net public supply is calculated by subtracting public supply deliveries to domestic to avoid double counting, then assigned to NAICS 221310. & Balassiano, K. EPA Data Commons v0.1. SMOG impacts are driven by emissions of NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). environmental pollution waste material air pollution water pollution, economic input-output data environmental release data resource use data. The factors are described below: CO 2 emission factors for electricity and heat generation for world countries (in CO 2 per kWh, 1990 to 2019). Birney, C., Conner, M., Specht, J. Emission factors (LCA[16]) -- convert activity data into a measure of CO2e emission, including: Emissions (estimates) associated with extracting, collecting and pre-processing raw materials. Estimating industry land use with the MLU as the primary data source is an update from v1.2, where land use was calculated by summing USDA CoA, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Public Land Statistics (PLS), EIA Commercial (CBECS), and EIA Manufacturing (MECS) land use with the MLUs statistics for forest land, transportation, national defense, and grazing land38,39,40,41,42. Domestic Proportion of the Impacts of US Consumption. Table7 lists the original data records produced for v2.0, along with their associated use in the model. The economic data base year for v2.0 is 2012, corresponding to the latest detailed IO tables10. 20095041 https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095041 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). To fully meet GHG Protocol standards, an organization must report emissions from all relevant scope 3 categories. 8. Econ. Shifts in sector impact intensity (as present in the D and N matrices) between v1.2 and v2.0 are attributed to a combination of changes in methodology for resource allocation to industry sectors, primary and allocation data sources, source data years, and economic growth or decline within industries between the related source data years, after the currency year adjustment Eqs. Google Scholar. Food and beverage stores appear in v2.0 rankings as the only retail sector, whereas Other retail appeared as the only retail sector in the v1.2 top 20. Basic Information of Air Emissions Factors and Quantification conceptualized USEEIO v2.0, led the methodological development for model building and validation, contributed to useeior and flowsa software, supervised the team, administered the project, and led writing the manuscript. 14). Changes in GHG intensity were less than 0.5kg CO2e/$ for >95% of sectors. s is the product of L and the given final demand vector, y, as shown in Eq. Ec is obtained from Ei by multiplying its transpose by the commodity mix matrix, Cm, and transposing the result. J. The results of those normalizations are multiplied with an orientation to create a commodity x commodity direct requirements matrix, or A, using Eq. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524318 (2021). If the index price is assumed to be equal to the sum of the inputs, then that index price is ~1. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Young, B. et al. Garvey, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. Therefore, BEA code 1111A0 should be connected to all these NAICS codes in order to form a complete BEA-NAICS correspondence. Figure 2. As described above, direct SMOG impacts have decreased substantially in these two sectors specifically. M.L. Green Purchasing in Alameda County, CA Report No. Each demand vector was derived from the BEA Detail 2012 Use table. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. 4, 5. In v2.0, these emissions have been allocated to manufacturing sectors on the basis of fuel consumption by fuel type30. An official website of the United States government. Truck transport fell out of the top 20. Some changes in HCAN and NCAN result from the inclusion of characterization factors from TRACI 2.1 for metals, which were not included for v1.2. Industrial and Mining water withdrawals are proportionally allocated using BLS QCEW employment data47. Fedelemflowlist v1.0.8. The waste sector disaggregation procedure required the definition of an additional set of configuration files that provide instructions for this disaggregation procedure. Other economic data sources used include the Gross Industry Output data and the associated Gross Output Chain-Type Price Index data for years 20022017, the 2012 Margins data that contain the value added per commodity between point of manufacture and point of sale that make up the difference between producers and purchasers price, and the 2012 Import Matrix (Table1). Additionally, the Water_national_2015_m1 methodology differs from Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1 for Crop Irrigation, Industrial, Mining, Thermoelectric, and Hydroelectric water estimates. Ingwersen, W.W., Li, M., Young, B. et al. U.S. EPA, 2020. However, annual tables are also published at a more aggregated level of detail and with less reported data but with only a ~12 year time lag to help address the time lag limitations12. This flow update afforded the opportunity to use more standard life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) characterization factors to populate these indicators, which were integrated with the new procedure. LCIA formatter. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1368541 (2017). 54, 30913102, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06024 (2020). Parallel decreases to that seen in ACID can be seen in the SMOG indicator. This research was funded by the USEPAs Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program. In past models, nonpoint air emissions from industrial combustion were not mapped to sectors due to insufficient data. Break-out sessions by USEEIO format. In agricultural sectors, the consumption of other agricultural commodities are the primary drivers of SMOG. General Information. Since SIMAP does not have an emissions category for other GHG, these emissions were added to the CO2 emissions factors as CO2-equivalents. 4, EI is a emission x industry matrix of national totals of each flow by industry sector in year y, and xz,y is a vector of gross output by industry in year z, given in year y dollars. ADS The 562000 commodity represents over 97% of the industrys total output. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524315 (2021). WRI's Sustainability Data | World Resources Institute EPA/600/R-19/092 https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=347251 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019). EPA researchers have partnered with the Georgia Department of Economic Development to work with volunteer software developers and designers to build web applications using the Georgia version of USEEIO for local communities looking to advance economic development in ways that spark both prosperity and environmental sustainability. This suggests that trade flows between the disaggregated sectors is an important component of the aggregate sectors input, and its disaggregation was previously discussed. Form EIA-923 detailed data. All the indicator datasets were produced by the LCIA formatter v1.0.162,63, which like the environmental and employment data had been harmonized with the FEDEFL. 30, where V' is the transposed model Make table, which is normalized by multiplying it by the diagonalized form of the inverse of model output, x. Google Scholar. Cm is obtained from Eq. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524316 (2021). N is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct and indirect impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 2-6 digit 2012 NAICS Code File. BLM/OC/ST-13/002+1165 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/pls2012-web.pdf (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2013). However, these models did not incorporate additional sector disaggregation, did not include domestic model variants, lacked other environmental matrices and associated indicators described for v2.0 herein, and the full set of matrices for these models were not published. Ei, a national total of flow by industry per year consisting of the concatenation of all the satellite tables described above, is available in varying years. National totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries are used as the sources of environmental and employment data. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The sets of commodities in the top 20 from v2.0 and v1.2 in the production and consumption-based rankings are nearly identical, with some notable substitutions and some exchanging of places. For each of the tables, these sections are the table rows, columns, and intersections. The attribution methodology for the remaining water categories follows Rehkamp et al.s sector attribution approach46. PubMed Central Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within an organizations scope 1 and 2 boundary. For example, the Solid waste collection subsector received approximately $21 billion in receipts from the Business firms and farms customer class. For Electricity, for example, SO2 and NOX contribute to 57% and 39% of impact, respectively. Quarterly census of employment and wages 2017. https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). The values for the disaggregated waste commodities are allocated based on allocation factors derived from the Economic Census customer classes, as described below. 23 is used for y. For example, category 4 (upstream transportation and distribution) has three methods: fuel-based, distance-based, and spend-based. Water use for crops originally used acreage data for 37 crops accessed through the USDA Irrigation and Water Management Survey (IWMS)49. Additionally, there are changes to methods of allocation. United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) Modeling Framework for USEEIOv2.0. 32, where the sum of industry value added, w, after normalization and transformation to be in commodity form, multiplied by the total requirements matrix, L, results in ~1 for each sector, i. The Criteria Air and GHG emissions data from 2017 and 2016, respectively, that drive these data replaced 2011 and 2013 data in v1.2 and likely reflect the continued phase out and substitution of ozone depleting substances70. Thus, the flows from the 5-digit sectors must be allocated to the USEEIO sectors. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. For v2.0, Waste management and remediation services is disaggregated into the seven sectors shown in Table5. The final factors are available in the Supply Chain Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities dataset. Prioritization of sectors in the US economy by greatest opportunities for environmental improvements through the use of the Sustainable Materials Management Prioritization Tools will be a primary use of v2.0. 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. The GHG Protocol's Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (Scope 3 Standard) presents details on all scope 3 categories and requirements and guidance on reporting scope 3 emissions. EIA manufacturing land area is considered part of the urban land total rather than a stand-alone industrial area category. led software development for useeior, developed the crosswalk methodology and wrote the associated section of the manuscript, curated all economic input data, performed model validation, and visualized the results. The correspondence stems from BEA-NAICS relationship table released with national input-output (IO) accounts by BEA10. In the production vector, the direct imports both used by final consumers and industries are removed. Article Sustainable Materials Management Prioritization Tools Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops fell 14 places, apparently to decreased water consumption. Nonpoint criteria and toxic air emissions are sourced from the 2017 Nonpoint, Nonroad, and Onroad NEI datasets28. 44, 21262130, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903147k (2010). The overall consistency in the impact intensities and rankings between v2.0 and v1.2 confirms relative consistency and robustness in the model with some changes that can be explained based on input data changes or methodological improvements. The operator is used for elementwise multiplication in contrast with no symbol between adjacent matrices or vectors which denotes a matrix multiplication. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Environmentally extended input-output analysis - Wikipedia Licensing. For most sectors, the commodity values are distributed using the percentages obtained from the disaggregation of the waste management industries in the Use table. Publications Office of the European Union Real time updates can be found in the useeior software repository. Agricultural chemical use survey. Aquaculture and Thermoelectric withdrawals are assigned to the 4-digit NAICS codes 1125 and 2211, respectively. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. Abstract and Figures. J. A rough estimate will suffice, but if that is not possible, then proceed to step 2 to estimate emissions. Data for commercial hazardous waste are sourced from the Resource Conversation Recovery Act Biennial Report, the same source as used in v1.2. The relative contribution, rc of a commodity, c, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. Zeng, L. & Ramaswami, A. CarbonSAVER: Scope3 Factors 2021 edition of the Emission factors data package. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Services to buildings and dwellings (561700): the entirety of the 562000 commodity produced by this sector is assigned to the Remediation services sector (562910), as it is assumed that the services provided by this sector deal with site-specific remediation. All nomenclature used is defined in the Table 4. The flow-by-sector method names for the corresponding datasets are shown in Table9. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Community Sustainability and Prosperity in Georgiaand Beyond

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